ZnO微／纳米纤维的静电纺丝及其表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为络合剂与醋酸锌[Zn(CH3COO)2]反应制得前驱体溶液,用静电纺丝法制备了PVP／Zn(CH3COO)2纤维,经煅烧得到具有微孔结构的氧化锌(ZnO)微／纳米纤维。对所制备纤维分别采用差热-热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等手段进行了表征。结果表明: PVP/Zn(CH3COO)纤维表面光滑,直径约300-700 nm,经700℃煅烧后,可得到ZnO微／纳米纤维。     

Development of high‐definition aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone photoresists for cathode ray tubes

Aqueous photoresists that are capable of higher resolutions than are currently employed by the cathode ray tube (CRT) industry were developed by combining photoactivators, which activate at shorter UV wavelengths with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Two photoactivators were synthesized: 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenyl disodium disulfonate (DABP), which has a maximum absorbance at 264 nm, and 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenylethane disodium disulfonate (DABPE), which has a maximum absorbance at 258 nm. The PVP/DABP and PVP/DABPE photoresists successfully imaged a pattern with resolution as small as 4.4 μm with photoactivator concentrations greater than 20% of the PVP concentration. Addition of silane and emulgen greatly improved the performance of the photoresists with more uniform coatings of thicknesses of up to 1.4 μm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1637–1644, 2006     

Comparison of relative viscosity measurement of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water by glass capillary viscometer and differential dual‐capillary viscometer

The relative viscosity (RV) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weights was measured with a glass capillary viscometer and with a differential dual‐capillary viscometer in water at different concentrations. For the differential dual‐capillary viscometer, RV increases with a decreasing flow rate, especially for high molecular weight PVP at a 1% concentration. A good agreement in the RV between the two methods can be obtained for PVP with different molecular weights and at various concentrations if an appropriate flow rate is selected for the differential dual‐capillary viscometer. Special precaution is needed when using the differential dual‐capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity of a pure solvent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1312–1315, 2002     

PVP/(NH4)2SO4液-固萃取法提取糖化酶的研究

以聚乙烯吡咯啉酮（PVP）／（NH4）2SO4液-固萃取体系研究了工业糖化酶的萃取分配行为。萃取的适宜条件为10％PVP（K30），1．36mol．L^-1（NH4）2SO4，pH4．6。糖化酶浓度直接影响固-液两相的分配行为。在此条件下，该体系可成功实现对糖化酶的提取。     

Dissolution rate enhancement of the anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal by coprecipitation with a biocompatible polymer using carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid antisolvent

Dissolution rate enhancement of the anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal was achieved using for the first time a supercritical fluid technology. The supercritical fluid antisolvent (SAS) method was applied to precipitate diflunisal alone and to coprecipitate the drug together with the biocompatible polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30 and K-10). The untreated and SAS processed diflunisal, and the coprecipitates were characterized in terms of size, morphology, crystallinity, compositions, drug-polymer interactions, and drug release. SAS processed diflunisal exhibited a polymorphic form different from that of the untreated drug. Diflunisal crystallinity disappeared in the coprecipitates. Three different drug: polymer mass ratios were studied: 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. Microparticle size decreased and aggregation disappeared as the relative amount of polymer increased. The 25:75 coprecipitate consisted of loose spherical particles exhibiting mean particle size of 410 nm while the 75:25 coprecipitate consisted of bigger aggregated particles. The SAS method was shown to be a suitable technology to form solid dispersions of a poorly soluble drug.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (PVP/f-MWNT) Nanocomposites

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube and sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared in aqueous media. The structure, morphology, and thermal characterization of the prepared nanocomposites were done by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube and polyvinylpyrrolidone/sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites improved the thermal properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone. According to the differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the glass transition temperature of 101.6 and 84.6°C is observed for the polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (5% w/w) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (5% w/w) nanocomposites, respectively. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy image of polyvinylpyrrolidone/sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (5% w/w) nanocomposite showed a homogenous distribution of sulfonyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube in the polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix.     

Stabilizing effect of the cyclodextrins additive to spray-dried particles of curcumin/polyvinylpyrrolidone on the supersaturated state of curcumin

Although curcumin is considered to have various therapeutic effects, its use as a functional food or supplement is restricted owing to its low water solubility and bioavailability. To increase the solubility of curcumin in water, the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers with a pyrrolidone skeleton was noted to be promising. In particular, the bi-component formulations of curcumin/PVP prepared through spray drying exhibited an amorphous state in powder X-ray diffraction observations and temporally increased the apparent solubility of curcumin to over 5000 times that of untreated curcumin; nevertheless, after 24 h, the solubility decreased owing to the unstable supersaturated state of curcumin. The addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CyD) in the bi-component curcumin/PVP formulation helped maintain the supersaturated state of curcumin, whereas the addition of β- and γ-CyD led to the collapse of the supersaturated state. The addition of α-CyD can likely help inhibit the nucleation and crystal growth of curcumin, through the interaction among the solubilized units of curcumin/PVP and α-CyD.     

PET薄膜的亲水改性研究

目的 探索对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜亲水改性的制备工艺,研究其是否能有效提高PET薄膜表面的亲水性。方法 将PET薄膜裁剪成1 cm×4 cm的矩形样条,样条放入盛有无水乙醇的离心管中超声清洗,经烘干后再放入叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)溶液中进行引发反应,引发完成的PET薄膜样条依次用无水乙醇、水超声清洗后放入PVP溶液进行改性,最后超声清洗并烘干放置24 h进行接触角测试与红外光谱测试,分别评价PET薄膜的亲水性与表面成分变化。结果 使用不同PVP进行改性,PVP-K90对PET薄膜的改性效果最佳,接触角下降最明显,其接触角为21.3°。研究不同浓度TBHP对接触角的影响,随着TBHP浓度增加,接触角逐渐减小,TBHP浓度为1%时,其接触角为28°。探究不同浓度PVP-K90对接触角的影响,随着PVP-K90浓度增加,接触角呈现先减小后略有增大的变化趋势,PVP-K90浓度为5%时达到最小值(24.2°)。最佳配方和工艺为：5%PVP-K90+1%TBHP,温度80℃,转速600 r/min,反应时间1 h。PET薄膜的接触角从改性前的81.7°下降到改性后的29.5°,亲水...     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为模板合成球状羟基磷灰石

以Ca(NO3)2.4H2O和(NH4)3PO4.3H2O为反应物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模板,成功地合成了直径为30~50nm的球状羟基磷灰石。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对所制得的样品进行了表征,结果表明PVP的浓度很大程度地影响了HA的形貌。在浓度为2.0~5.0%PVP为模板的条件下可以合成直径为30~50nm的HA。球状HA形成的机理可能与PVP在溶液中的特定立体化学构象有关。