红外热成像在乳腺疾病检测的应用研究

乳腺疾病已严重危害女性身心健康,其中乳腺癌更位居全球范围内女性癌症发病率和死亡率首位,因此乳腺癌的早期发现意义重大。传统结构影像学早期检测疾病具有一定局限性,而红外热成像作为功能成像技术可为乳腺癌的早期筛查提供有效线索。因此本文主要就红外热成像在乳腺疾病的早期检测及预后评估的应用价值进行综述。     

CHID1 Is a Novel Prognostic Marker of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

There is an urgent need for identification of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we evaluated immune cells markers in 100 NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no prognostic value for the markers studied, except CD163 and CD206. At the same time, macrophage markers iNOS and CHID1 were found to be expressed in tumor cells and associated with prognosis. We showed that high iNOS expression is a marker of favorable prognosis for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC), and NSCLC in general. Similarly, high CHID1 expression is a marker of good prognosis in adenocarcinoma and in NSCLC in general. Analysis of prognostic significance of a high CHID1/iNOS expression combination showed favorable prognosis with 20 months overall survival of patients from the low CHID1/iNOS expression group. For the first time, we demonstrated that CHID1 can be expressed by NSCLC cells and its high expression is a marker of good prognosis for adenocarcinoma and NSCLC in general. At the same time, high expression of iNOS in tumor cells is a marker of good prognosis in SCC. When used in combination, CHID1 and iNOS show a very good prognostic capacity for NSCLC. We suggest that in the case of lung cancer, tumor-associated macrophages are likely ineffective as a therapeutic target. At the same time, macrophage markers expressed by tumor cells may be considered as targets for anti-tumor therapy or, as in the case of CHID1, as potential anti-tumor agents.     

Stromal CCL5 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Interacting with CCR3 in Tumor Cells

Chemokines secreted from stromal cells have important roles for interactions with carcinoma cells and regulating tumor progression. C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 5 is expressed in various types of stromal cells and associated with tumor progression, interacting with C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, 3 and 5 expressed in tumor cells. However, the expression on CCL5 and its receptors have so far not been well-examined in human breast carcinoma tissues. We therefore immunolocalized CCL5, as well as CCR1, 3 and 5, in 111 human breast carcinoma tissues and correlated them with clinicopathological characteristics. Stromal CCL5 immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with the aggressive phenotype of breast carcinomas. Importantly, this tendency was observed especially in the CCR3-positive group. Furthermore, the risk of recurrence was significantly higher in the patients with breast carcinomas positive for CCL5 and CCR3 but negative for CCR1 and CCR5, as compared with other patients. In summary, the CCL5-CCR3 axis might contribute to a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients, and these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the significance of the CCL5/CCRs axis in breast carcinoma microenvironment.     

Polymorphisms in EGFR Gene Predict Clinical Outcome in Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy and Platinum-Based Chemoradiotherapy

For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), radiotherapy (RT) and platinum-based chemotherapy (CHT) are among the main treatment options. On the other hand, radioresistance and cytotoxic drug resistance are common causes of failure. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in radioresponse and therapy resistance. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EGFR gene might affect individual sensitivity to these treatments, and thus, therapy outcome and prognosis. The association between functional EGFR SNPs and overall (OS), locoregional recurrence-free (LFRS), and metastasis-free (MFS) survival was examined in 436 patients with unresectable NSCLC receiving RT and platinum-based CHTRT. In a multivariate analysis, the rs712830 CC homozygotes showed reduced OS in the whole group (p = 0.039) and in the curative treatment subset (p = 0.047). The rs712829 TT genotype was strongly associated with decreased LRFS (p = 0.006), and the T-C haplotype was a risk factor for locoregional recurrence in our patients (p = 0.003). The rs2227983 GG alone and in combination with rs712829 T was an indicator of unfavorable LRFS (p = 0.028 and 0.002, respectively). Moreover, significant independent effects of these SNPs on OS, LRFS, and MFS were observed. Our results demonstrate that inherited EGFR gene variants may predict clinical outcomes in NSCLC treated with DNA damage-inducing therapy.     

Molecular Genetics of Conjunctival Melanoma and Prognostic Value of TERT Promoter Mutation Analysis

The aim of this study was exploration of the genetic background of conjunctival melanoma (CM) and correlation with recurrent and metastatic disease. Twenty-eight CM from the Rotterdam Ocular Melanoma Study group were collected and DNA was isolated from the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using a panel covering GNAQ, GNA11, EIF1AX, BAP1, BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, PTEN, SF3B1, and TERT genes. Recurrences and metastasis were present in eight (29%) and nine (32%) CM cases, respectively. TERT promoter mutations were most common (54%), but BRAF (46%), NRAS (21%), BAP1 (18%), PTEN (14%), c-KIT (7%), and SF3B1 (4%) mutations were also observed. No mutations in GNAQ, GNA11, and EIF1AX were found. None of the mutations was significantly associated with recurrent disease. Presence of a TERT promoter mutation was associated with metastatic disease (p-value = 0.008). Based on our molecular findings, CM comprises a separate entity within melanoma, although there are overlapping molecular features with uveal melanoma, such as the presence of BAP1 and SF3B1 mutations. This warrants careful interpretation of molecular data, in the light of clinical findings. About three quarter of CM contain drug-targetable mutations, and TERT promoter mutations are correlated to metastatic disease in CM.     

基于SVM和Kalman预测的非线性系统故障预报

针对Kalman预测在非线性系统故障预报中预测误差较大的问题.提出一种基于支持向量机预测新息的Kalman预测方法.根据未知非线性系统的典型变量分析子空间模型进行Kalman预测.采用支持向量机时间序列预测算法预测未来时刻的新息,利用新息进行Kalman单步和多步预报.在连续搅拌反应器上的仿真研究表明:所提出方法能准确地预测较长时间段内故障过程的劣化趋势,预知可能发生的故障,使操作人员有时间采取必要措施消除故障隐患.     

Remote Sensing Prospecting in High Vegetation Coverage Area——A Case Study of the in Datuanbao Copper Ore Deposit

This article described the way to extract information of copper and lead anomaly in high vegetation coverage area through a case study from the Datuanbao copper ore deposit and its environs,Jiangcheng,Yunnan Province.Principal component analysis,false color composite,stretch Histogram and supervise classification etc were analyzed in the remote sensing images using ENVI4.6 software.It is suggested that the linear structure,which is delineated by convolution filter and morphological analysis method,is characterized by statistical self-similarity and fractal geometry.It is found that the high value of fractal dimension is roughly coincident with the copper and lead anomaly of vegetation by the comparison between contour maps of plant geochemical anomaly and fractal dimensions,which is calculated by box-counting.As a matter of fact,80 percent of copper and lead deposits or occurrences are located in areas of high value of fractal dimension and vegetation anomaly.By the comprehensive analysis of stratigraphy,igneous rocks,copper and lead mineralizations,fractal dimension of linear structures and vegetation anomaly from remote sensing,nine exploration targets with three levels of probabilities are figured out.     

一种滑坡预测传感器的机理与测值可靠性探讨

对造成巨大生命财产损失的滑坡灾害,分析了其发展过程中的力学参数变化,提出用数字式遥感土压力仪与变形仪对之进行实时连续遥测和预报预警,认为钨铼合金丝式振弦仪器适于此类观测,其测定值是可靠的.     

Unbiased stereological estimation of the number and volume of nuclei and nuclear size variability in invasive ductal breast carcinomas

The application of design-based stereological methods for estimating nuclear features quantitatively in invasive ductal breast cancer is described. Nuclear number, size and size variability are explored in relation to the tumour grade and patient prognosis. The study includes an examination of the efficiency in estimating different nuclear volumes, and two different estimators of the nuclear size variability are contrasted. Forty-two invasive ductal breast carcinomas diagnosed and graded by two pathologists were used. Both 5-μm and 25-μm-thick sections were obtained from paraffin blocks for stereological study. More undifferentiated tumours show significantly larger nuclei than low-grade tumours. The estimates based on the disector method demonstrate a decrease in the number of tumour cell nuclei per unit volume of tissue from grades 1 to 2 and especially from grades 2 to 3. The univariate survival analysis shows a high prognostic value of the nuclear volume estimates. The study shows that an efficient sampling procedure was performed, particularly when estimating volume-weighted mean nuclear volume using the point-sampled intercepts method. This method is more efficient than estimation of the number-weighted mean nuclear volume using the selector method; however, the latter provides paired estimates of volume- and number-weighted mean nuclear volume, as well as an estimate of the coefficient of variation of nuclear volume in the number distribution of the same cells.     

The Significance of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for Circulating Tumor Cells

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process involved in embryonic development, but it also plays a role in remote metastasis formation in tumor diseases. During this process cells lose their epithelial features and adopt characteristics of mesenchymal cells. Thereby single tumor cells, which dissolve from the primary tumor, are enabled to invade the blood vessels and travel throughout the body as so called “circulating tumor cells” (CTCs). After leaving the blood stream the reverse process of EMT, the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) helps the cells to seed in different tissues, thereby generating the bud of metastasis formation. As metastasis is the main reason for tumor-associated death, CTCs and the EMT process are in the focus of research in recent years. This review summarizes what was already found out about the molecular mechanisms driving EMT, the consequences of EMT for tumor cell detection, and suitable markers for the detection of CTCs which underwent EMT. The research work done in this field could open new roads towards combating cancer.