积极降压对脑小血管病防治策略的影响

2017年,美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会提出将高血压诊断标准降为130/80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa),这与其他指南有所不同。降压治疗的核心目标在于靶器官的保护,近年来降压治疗与脑小血管病预防的相关问题日益受到临床重视。目前研究结果表明,降压治疗对腔隙性卒中患者的二级预防以及白质病变进展的预防可能有一定积极意义,但确切的降压目标值并未确定。血压与临床结局可能呈现J型关系,血压过低或过高可能均有害,而取得最大获益的降压目标有待进一步探索。     

原发性高血压病靶器官损害的预测仿真研究

研究原发性高血压病靶器官损害准确预测问题,由于原发性高血压病靶器官损害的影响因子之间存在着高度冗余和非线性,导致传统方法预测准确率低,为提高预测精度,构建了一种改进的基因表达式编程算法的原发性高血压病靶器官损害预测模型,首先设计了适合靶器官损害预测的适应度函数,然后为克服早熟现象提出了以平均适应度形式自适应的改变重组算子概率和变异算子概率,通过数据训练得到靶器官损害的2年预测模型。采用对山东中医药大学第二附属医院原发性高血压病历史数据进行验证性仿真,结果表明,方法的预测精度更高,在原发性高血压病靶器官损害的预测中有着广泛的应用前景。     

Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Heat Shock Protein 47 Involved in the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is causally related to fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The identification of Compounds that interfere with the HSP47-collagen interaction is essential for the development of relevant therapeutics. Herein, we prepared human HSP47 as a soluble fusion protein expressed in E. coli and established an assay system for HSP47 inhibitor screening. We screened a natural and synthetic Compound library established at Nagasaki University. Among 1023 Compounds, 13 exhibited inhibitory activity against human HSP47, of which three inhibited its function in a dose-dependent manner. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, one of these three Compounds, is a typical polyphenol Compound derived from tea leaves. Structurally related Compounds were synthesized and examined for their activity, revealing a hydroxyl group at A-ring position 5 as important for its activity. The present findings provide valuable insight for the development of natural product-derived therapeutics for fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.     

The Antithrombotic Agent Pterostilbene Interferes with Integrin αIIbβ3-Mediated Inside-Out and Outside-In Signals in Human Platelets

Platelets play a crucial role in the physiology of primary hemostasis and pathological processes such as arterial thrombosis; thus, developing a therapeutic target that prevents platelet activation can reduce arterial thrombosis. Pterostilbene (PTE) has remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer and neuroprotection. Few studies have reported the effects of pterostilbene on platelet activation. Thus, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of pterostilbene in human platelets and its role in vascular thrombosis prevention in mice. At low concentrations (2–8 μM), pterostilbene strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, pterostilbene markedly diminished Lyn, Fyn, and Syk phosphorylation and hydroxyl radical formation stimulated by collagen. Moreover, PTE directly hindered integrin α_IIbβ₃ activation through interfering with PAC-1 binding stimulated by collagen. In addition, pterostilbene affected integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated outside-in signaling, such as integrin β₃, Src, and FAK phosphorylation, and reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen as well as thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Furthermore, pterostilbene substantially prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation in mice. This study demonstrated that pterostilbene exhibits a strong activity against platelet activation through the inhibition of integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, suggesting that pterostilbene can serve as a therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.     

城市主干路拥挤路段基于地点交通参数的行程速度估计

以提高基于地点交通参数估计主干路拥挤交通流平均行程速度的精度为目标,通过分析信号控制主干路的交通流特性及地点交通参数与平均行程速度之间的相关关系,以路段下游停车线前的截面平均速度为基础,提出了城市主干路拥挤交通流路段平均行程速度的3种估计模型,并采用仿真手段进行了对比分析。结果表明,所提出的全状态行程速度估计模型明显优于对比方法,所提出的两种分状态平均行程速度估计模型可以进一步改善全状态模型的估计效果,尤其是基于模比系数的分状态估计模型可显著提高拥挤条件下的行程速度估计精度。     

基于边缘敏感的SLIC和二次密度聚类的GGO分割

针对磨玻璃肺结节(Ground Glass Opacity,GGO)边界对比度低、大小各异和灰度不均匀等造成分割准确率低的问题,提出一种基于边缘敏感的SLIC和二次密度聚类相结合的分割算法。将图像边缘检测结果与SLIC超像素算法相结合,并将其中含有边缘的超像素块用区域质心代替其原始聚类中心,改善SLIC边界黏连性较差的问题;针对密度聚类不能完整分割GGO的问题,提出二次密度聚类的方法,对密度聚类定位到的簇及其邻域簇进行二次密度聚类。实验结果表明,该算法分割GGO的平均准确率达90.17%,灵敏度达84%。     

CT图像肺结节计算机辅助检测与诊断技术研究综述

肺结节计算机辅助诊断（Comput er-aided diagnosis,CAD）能够从CT图像中检测、分割和诊断肺结节,提高早期肺癌的生存率,因而具有重要临床意义。由于肺结节的形态根据其类型、尺寸、位置、内部结构及恶性与否等动态变化,导致肺结节检测和诊断已经成为一个重大的挑战问题。本文对比分析了CAD系统中肺实质分割、肺结节检测、肺结节分割以及肺结节良恶性判断等4个步骤所运用的关键技术及挑战,并指出开发有效CAD系统需要进一步优化不同类型结节诊断算法灵敏度、降低结节检测误报数量、提高诊断自动化水平,同时需要集成影像存储与通信系统（Picture archiving and communication systems, PACS）以及电子病历系统（Electronic medical record systems, EMRS）,以便在日常临床实践中应用。     

窗口流量控制的干线动态协调控制方法

城市交通干线在高峰时期经常处于饱和状态,排队车辆溢出至上游交叉口的"死锁"现象时有发生.为避免干线阻塞、提高饱和条件下干线交通流的运行效率,首先提出一种有效带宽评价方法对已有干线绿波协调控制系统的运行状态及控制效果进行监控;其次借鉴TCP/IP窗口流量控制思想,设计一种窗口流量控制的干线动态协调控制方法,控制城市干线拥挤交通流.模拟试验及对比结果表明,通过窗口流量通告的方式,下游交叉口可以向上游交叉口实时告知路段的有效容量,便于各交叉口信号机根据当前的交通需求及路段的有效容量重新分配各股车流的绿灯时间.     

ZigBee在动态血压监测中的应用研究

我国已成为世界上高血压危害最严重的国家之一,在全国范围大力开展高血压病的防治,积极治疗高血压病患者,已经刻不容缓.通过研究ZigBee技术,提出了以ZigBee无线传感器网络为核心,以以太网为骨干网,采用CC2430芯片为血压传感器控制核心的动态血压测量方案,系统测量的收缩压、舒张压误差范围均小于5mmHg.试验证明,系统能够实时监测患者的血压变化,工作稳定可靠,具有较高的实用性和市场价值.     

高血压形成与发展的血流动力学分析

根据作者提出的血流动力学参数计算公式,研究了不同年令和不同血压下血流动力学参数的变化从中得出外周阻力的增高是高血压最主要的危险因素。并经理论分析和临床实测证实了这个结论。