Simple Sequence Repeat Markers in Genetic Divergence and Marker-Assisted Selection of Rice Cultivars: A Review

Sequencing of rice genome has facilitated the understanding of rice evolution and has been utilized extensively for mining of DNA markers to facilitate marker-assisted breeding. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are tandemly repeated nucleotide sequence motifs flanked by unique sequences are presently the maker of choice in rice improvement due to their abundance, co-dominant inheritance, high levels of allelic diversity, and simple reproducible assay. The current level of genome coverage by SSR markers in rice is sufficient to employ them for genotype identification and marker-assisted selection in breeding for mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci analysis. This review provides comprehensive information on the mapping and applications of SSR markers in investigation of rice cultivars to study their genetic divergence and marker-assisted selection of important agronomic traits.     

手工水饺定量给馅机的设计

手工水饺定量给馅机解决了包制手工水饺的定量给馅问题，保持每个水饺的重量一致稳定。该机采用柱塞泵给馅，气动传动，自动化，高效率，适合工业化生产手工水饺使用。     

储层压力与天然气分布关系——以鄂北塔巴庙地区上古生界储层为例

通过分析塔巴庙地区储层压力的分布特征，建立了研究区泥岩压实曲线，并对影响和控制该区储层压力的主要因素和机理进行了探讨，对“欠压实”剩余压力、生气增压、抬升引起的降压进行了定量计算。分析结果表明，晚三叠-早白垩世末“欠压实”作用和晚侏罗-早白垩世末烃源岩大量生烃作用使塔巴庙地区上古生界形成异常高压；晚白垩系构造抬升降压，使得现今储层为正常-低异常压力。同时证实了“欠压实”对天然气有压力封盖作用，天然气都分布在最大“欠压实”幅度以下的储层当中。烃源岩生气高峰为晚侏罗-早白垩世末，但天然气大规模运移是在晚白垩世，方向以沿过剩压力梯度降低较快的方向（太原-山西组至下石盒子组）垂向运移，通道主要为裂缝，运移的动力主要为异常高压。由于储层致密，聚集成藏能量有限，造成天然气充注不足、气水分异不好、含气饱和度低。     

A Study on NMR and GC/MS Spectra of the Isomers of Linear Hexyl Naphthalene

The GC/MS and NMR analysis of the reaction products of naphthalene with 1-bromohexane were reported. The products obtained were suggested to have six isomers of linear hexylnaphthalene and the structure of each isomer was determined by GC/MS and NMR spectra. For the first time, the unique chemical shift data were obtained. The content of each isomer calculated by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra was consistent with that by GC/MS spectra, which confirmed the accuracy of NMR data.     

A novel method for determination of polyester end-groups by NMR spectroscopy

An efficient, convenient and quantitative method for characterising polyester end-groups is described. We have found that trichloroacetyl isocyanate (TAI) reacts rapidly and quantitatively with both carboxyl [C(O)OH] and hydroxyl (OH) chain ends to form derivatives that can be readily determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The TAI capped end-groups give rise to characteristic imidic NH resonances in a normally clear region of the ¹H NMR spectrum [δ∼10-11.5 for C(O)-O-C(O)-NH-C(O)CCl₃ from C(O)OH, δ∼8-9 for O-C(O)-NH-C(O)CCl₃ from OH]. The method has been successfully applied to quantitative determination of the end-groups of a wide variety of oligomeric polyesters. It has also been applied to higher molecular weight polyesters including commercial, bottle grade, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and PET based copolyesters (e.g. PETG).     

OFA-II型定量荧光仪在油气勘探中的应用

定量荧光仪在现场应用中受到各种因素的影响:如岩屑样品浸泡时的干、湿;图谱是否出现了淬灭;环境温度的影响等等。文章通过具体事例给出解决这些问题的办法。     

热重分析对高分子材料中碳酸钙的定量研究

碳酸钙是高分子材料中常用的无机填料，在高温时会同二氧化碳而失重。利用热重分析可准确定出高分子材料中碳酸钙的含量，同时还可测出聚合物，挥发物的含量，热重分析法样品用量小，灵敏度高，所需时间短。     

The flame retardant mechanism of polyolefins modified with chalk and silicone elastomer

This paper presents the current understanding of the flame retardant mechanism of Casico?. The study includes the flame retardant effect of each individual component: ethylene–acrylate copolymer, chalk and silicone elastomer, as well as the formation of an intumescent structure during heating. The flame retardant properties were investigated by cone calorimetry and oxygen index tests. To obtain insight into the flame retardant mechanism, heat treatment under different conditions has also been performed. The results indicate that the flame retardant mechanism of Casico is complex and is related to a number of reactions, e.g. ester pyrolysis of acrylate groups, formation of carbon dioxide by reaction between carboxylic acid and chalk, ionomer formation and formation of an intumescent structure stabilized by a protecting char. Special emphasis is given to the formation of the intumescent structure and its molecular structure as evaluated from ¹³C MAS‐NMR and ²⁹Si MAS‐NMR, ESCA and XRD analysis. After treatment at 500°C the intumescent structure consists mainly of silicon oxides and calcium carbonate and after treatment at 1000°C the intumescent structure consists of calcium silicate, calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法

针对陕北斜坡东部特低渗透储层受沉积作用和成岩作用两大因素控制的特点，利用灰色系统理论对成岩储集相进行了研究。分析了成岩作用综合效应及其相应的视压实率、视肢结率、视微孔率、成岩综合系数等定量指标和岩心分析数据，建立了成岩储集相综合评价参数、指标和分析方法。通过在安塞油田低孔隙度特低渗透长6。油藏储层的实际应用，对目的层段开展了Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ和Ⅳ类成岩储集相的定量评价和油气富集描述，有机地集成和综合了多种信息，实现了成岩储集相对沉积学、岩石学和成岩作用等特征的综合表征，并划分出有利成岩储集相区域，为指导油田有利含油区块的筛选和开发决策提供了重要依据。     

Investigation of the relationships between the chain organization and rheological properties of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels

The structure and rheological behavior of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a-PVA) hydrogels prepared by freeze/thaw cycles were investigated as a function of polymer concentration and number of freeze/thaw cycles. The presence of phases with different mobilities was observed using ¹³C CP/MAS and DP/MAS NMR experiments. The degree of crystallinity of the a-PVA-rich phase was determined by ¹H NMR free decay experiments. Measurements of the shear storage and loss modulus were performed at a fixed frequency of 1 Hz and a strain value of 0.1%, i.e. under conditions where the deformation imposed on the gel structure is entirely reversible. Results thus obtained showed that an increase in the number of freeze/thaw cycles induces an increase in the degree of crystallinity in the polymer-rich phase together with an increase in the storage modulus. The a-PVA hydrogels became more fragile as the number of freeze/thaw cycles was increased. Moreover, both the percentage of protons in a rigid environment measured by ¹H NMR and the storage modulus values tended to a limiting value after six freeze/thaw cycles. These results show that the first five or six freeze/thaw cycles play a very important role in determining the hydrogel structure and rheological properties. A more detailed comparison of NMR and rheological data led to the conclusion that the storage modulus is mainly controlled by the a-PVA crystallinity while the hydrogen bond interactions have a much smaller contribution.