IFP连续重整新一代催化剂再生技术的改进

介绍了我国引进的采用法国石油研究院 (IFP)三代催化剂连续再生技术的重整装置 ,分析了第二、第三代技术在原有基础上的改进 ,从再生气循环回路、再生操作参数和再生器内部结构三个方面重点介绍了第三代催化剂连续再生技术的特点和优势 :使催化剂的烧焦气循环回路与氧氯化用气、焙烧气循环回路彼此分开 ,烧焦、氧氯化、焙烧的操作参数可分别得到优化 ,使氧氯化及焙烧在高氧条件下进行 ,有利于催化剂金属的再分散 ,保持催化剂的活性。     

改善操作延长转化炉炉管寿命

分析转化炉炉管不正常原因及对炉管造成的危害，确定通过改善工艺操作来延长转化炉炉管寿命，实践证明效果明显。     

特殊条件下的一段炉升降温方法

中原化肥厂合成氨装置由于修复过渡段保温材料，在过渡段降温及一段炉升温方法上采取了特殊措施，特别是一段炉升温采取了先点火的升温方法。     

一段炉分气管泄漏原因分析及解决措施

本文介绍了中原大化集团一段炉分气管的泄漏状况，分析了泄漏原因，介绍了解决措施。     

Failure analysis of superheater tube supports of the primary reformer in a fertilizer factory

A failure analysis of superheater tube supports of the primary reformer in a local fertilizer factory is presented. A number of tube supports failed at approximately half of their designed service life. Following the failure, the factory was visited, and relevant information and samples were collected. The samples were investigated in the laboratory by chemical analysis, macro- and microhardness measurements, macro-and micrometallographic examinations, and X-ray diffractometry. The analysis showed the supports were fabricated from HH-type heat-resisting alloy and that the failure mode was high-temperature creep. The microstructure of the alloy showed the presence of massive intergranular as well as intragranular σ-phase and intragranular needle-shaped M₂₃C₆ carbides. It was also concluded from the formation of massive σ-phase in the tube that the failure was hastened because the supports were operating at approximately 800 °C. The alloy composition led to the formation of σ-phase under the operating conditions of the reformer, and the use of an alloy with a higher concentration of austenite-stabilizing element(s) could have avoided the failure.     

Design of optimization-based controllers applied to an ethanol steam reformer for hydrogen production

This paper focuses on the control of a low temperature ethanol steam reformer for in-situ hydrogen production. For this purpose, three optimization-based control configurations are proposed, namely, a linear model-based predictive controller, a linear quadratic regulator with output error integral action and a cascade control combining the two previous configurations. In all cases, control objectives aim at obtaining the desired flow of hydrogen while keeping the carbon monoxide at its nominal working point under input and output operational constraints. Output tracking and robustness of each configuration are compared using two key performance indicators that evaluate the output errors and the smoothness of the control signals. Simulation results allow to compare the characteristics of each control configuration when applied to the non-linear model of the ethanol steam reformer.     

燃料气组分变化对合成氨装置的影响及对策

中国石油塔里木油田公司塔西南石化厂合成氨装置燃料天然气来源发生改变,导致燃料天然气组分和热值发生变化.分析了燃料天然气组分发生变化对燃料天然气消耗、一段炉出口温度、空气鼓风机和烟气引风机负荷、一段炉炉顶燃料气压力以及系统操作的影响,并针对燃料气组分变化带来的不利影响提出了建议.     

An autothermal reforming system for diesel and jet fuel with quick start-up capability

A quick, low energy consuming and reliable start-up is essential for fuel cell systems utilizing diesel and jet fuel. A compact fuel processor for coupling with a high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell is developed with electrically-heated reactors in the 28 kW_th power class. Based on this set-up, start-up strategies are developed and validated. With the basic strategy, 14 min are required in the best case to commence reforming and achieve self-sustaining operation with desired CO concentration at full load using NExBTL diesel and, respectively, 16 min using Jet A-1. However, using premium diesel, the basic strategy leads to a strong increase in the concentrations of ethane and benzene. An advanced strategy enables 16 min start time with premium diesel suppressing these undesired side products. This result is within the 30 min start-up time target for auxiliary power units for 2020 and offers a reliable option for real world applications.     

Analyzing the characteristics of fuel extracted by catalytic conversion of waste engine oil

Production of hydrocarbon fuel from waste oil such as industrial and engine waste oil is an excellent way for producing alternating fuel sources. The aim of the present study is to obtain diesel-like fuel from waste engine oil (WEO) which can be used as an alternate fuel for compression ignition (CI) engine. With this aim in mind, WEO was purified from contaminants and thermally cracked with two different catalysts such as red mud and fly ash in a catalytic thermal reactor (CTR). The oil product obtained after catalytic conversion using red mud catalyst was named as WEORM and using fly ash catalyst was named as WEOFA. To investigate the influence of these two catalysts with WEO, different properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash, and fire points were determined. Moreover, the compositional analyses for WEORM and WEOFA were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of several bonds which appeared in WEORM and WEOFA were almost identical to the diesel fuel. Further FT-IR results confirmed that most of the hydrocarbons present in WEORM and WEOFA were alkanes. Furthermore, in GC-MS analysis, WEORM and WEOFA were mainly composed of C₁₀–C₃₀ hydrocarbons with the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics. Similar to fossil diesel fuel, they mainly contain paraffins, napthenese, and aromatics. Our results revealed that WEO can be effectively recycled and reused as an alternate source of hydrocarbon energy.     

蒸汽转化炉对流段热效率低的原因分析

结合2500t/d甲醇装置蒸汽转化炉的工艺流程及运行状况,分析与探讨蒸汽转化炉对流段热效率低的原因,并制定出相应的改进措施。