全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1612篇 |
免费 | 164篇 |
国内免费 | 49篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 26篇 |
综合类 | 113篇 |
化学工业 | 745篇 |
金属工艺 | 60篇 |
机械仪表 | 17篇 |
建筑科学 | 198篇 |
矿业工程 | 32篇 |
能源动力 | 16篇 |
轻工业 | 241篇 |
水利工程 | 17篇 |
石油天然气 | 109篇 |
武器工业 | 3篇 |
无线电 | 21篇 |
一般工业技术 | 125篇 |
冶金工业 | 47篇 |
原子能技术 | 34篇 |
自动化技术 | 21篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 65篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 60篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 80篇 |
2013年 | 103篇 |
2012年 | 140篇 |
2011年 | 115篇 |
2010年 | 78篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 109篇 |
2006年 | 99篇 |
2005年 | 78篇 |
2004年 | 64篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 55篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 43篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1825条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
十二酰胺丙基二甲基羟乙基氯化铵与十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的表面吸附和胶束形成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用十二酰胺丙基二甲胺和氯乙醇反应 ,合成了十二酰胺丙基二甲基羟乙基氯化铵 (DDHA)阳离子表面活性剂 ,将其与十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)以不同摩尔比进行混合 ,测定了混合系统的表面张力 ,计算了单一系统和混合系统的饱和吸附量、分子最小截面积 ,表面层和胶束中 DDHA的摩尔分率及分子间相互作用参数 ,目视观察了混合系统的浑浊情况。结果表明 :在降低γcmc和 cmc方面 ,DDHA SDS混合系统有协同效应 ,表面层和胶束的组成与二组分配比有关 ,但是非对称的 ,等物质的量混合物中 ,DDHA在胶束和表面层中具有较大的摩尔分数。DDHA与 SDS在实验测定的各混合系统中都不出现混浊 相似文献
3.
Biodegradable multiblock poloxamers (BMPs) with gel duration of 8 h to several weeks were prepared by varying their molecular weights from 4000 to 40 000 g mol?1. The molecular weight of the BMP was controlled by changing the poloxamer to coupling agent ratio. Assuming a micelle packing model of the BMP gel, as in the case of a poloxamer gel, the micelle properties and critical gel concentration of BMPs were investigated on the basis of the scaling concept. The findings suggest that the control of molecular weight by hydrolyzable groups can be a facile approach to optimize the gel properties for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
《Particulate Science and Technology》2007,25(1):77-89
The removal of particulate contamination is a critical issue for many manufacturing processes. It is particularly critical to the electronics industry in which small pieces of microscopic debris remaining after chemical mechanical planarization (cmp) using submicron polishing particles can cause device failure. One way to enhance particle removal following the cmp process is to utilize surfactants. Recent research has shown ways to model the effect of surfactants on enhanced particle removal. However, previous research has not demonstrated the effect of ionic strength on enhanced particle removal associated with surfactant use. Past research has also not shown the combined effects of ionic strength and surfactant concentration on enhanced particle removal using surfactants. This article summarizes the parameters affecting particle removal, and it provides data and analysis on the effect of ionic strength as well as the combined effects of ionic strength and surfactant concentration on particle removal following cmp processing. 相似文献
5.
高水头船闸输水廊道反弧门水弹性振动试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本文简要介绍水弹性振动模型试验的相似准则,用近似满足水弹性相似准则的有机玻璃模型对-高水头船闸反弧形阀门进行流激振动试验研究.试验表明阀门的振动是随机振动,不仅有质量振动而且有结构振动,有若干阶模态被激发参与振动。在开门和关门过程中,阀门面板脉动压力和阀门振动是不大的,与葛洲坝船闸类似阀门间歇开启的振动水平相当。由于常压模型不能正确模拟空化现象,对于廊道内可能产生的空泡溃灭所引起的阀门振动尚需通过减压模型进行研究。 相似文献
6.
A possible structure of the casein micelle based on high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Douglas G. Dalgleish Paul A. Spagnuolo H. Douglas Goff 《International Dairy Journal》2004,14(12):1025-1031
New electron micrographs, produced using the technique of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, showing the details of the micellar surface, are presented. The images show the micellar surfaces without any coating, and suggest that the surface of the micelle may have a much more complex structure than has previously been demonstrated. Although there appear to be no spherical subunits (submicelles), there is evidence for the organization of the caseins into tubular structures within the micelle. The surface is not smooth, and contains gaps between the substructures. The observations are discussed in terms of published models of micellar structure, where is it suggested how the depiction of the micellar surface can be used to explain certain factors of its reactivity and behaviour. 相似文献
7.
Man Sig Lee Gun-Dae Lee Chang-Sik Ju Seong-Soo Hong 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2005,88(4):389-401
Nanosized titania sol has been produced by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles. The physical properties, such as surface area, crystallite size and crystallinity according to R and W0 ratio, have been investigated by TEM, XRD, BET, FT–IR, TGA and DTA. In addition, the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol has been studied by using a batch reactor in the presence of UV light in order to compare the photocatalytic activity of prepared nanosized titania. It is shown that the anatase structure appears in the 300–600 °C calcination temperature range and the transformation of anatase into rutile starts above 700 °C. The crystallite size increases with increasing R and W0 ratio but W0 ratio shows a stronger effect on the crystallite size than R ratio. In the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol, the photocatalytic activity is mainly determined by the crystallinity of titania. In addition, the titania calcined at 500 °C shows the highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol() and the pure anatase structure. 相似文献
8.
The mechanisms governing the solubilizing interactions between zwitterionic/anionic mixed surfactant systems at different
molar fractions of the zwitterionic surfactant (Xzwitter) and neutral or electrically charged unilamellar liposomes were investigated. The mixed systems were formed by N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine
and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of piperazine-1,4-bis-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7.20. Unilamellar liposomes formed by egg phosphatidylcholine, in some cases together
with stearylamine or phosphatidic acid, were used. Solubilization was detected as a decrease in static light-scattering of
liposomes. Two parameters were regarded as corresponding to the effective surfactant/lipid molar ratios (Re) at which the
surfactant system (i) saturated the liposomes, Resat, and (ii) led to a total solubilization of liposomes, Resol. From these parameters the bilayer/aqueous medium surfactant partition coefficients for the saturation (Ksat) and complete bilayer solubilization (Ksol) were determined. When Xzwitter was 0.40, The Re and K parameters showed a maximum, whereas the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these systems exhibited
a minimum, regardless of the electrical charge of bilayers. Given that the ability of the surfactant systems to saturate or
solubilize liposomes is inversely related to the Resat and Resol parameters, these capacities appear to be directly correlated with the CMC of the mixed systems. The similarity of both Ksat and Ksol (particularly for Xzwitter=0.2–0.8) suggests that a similar partition equilibrium governs both the saturation and the complete solubilization of bilayers,
the free surfactant concentration (Sa,Sb), remaining almost constant with similar values to the CMC for each mixed system studied. 相似文献
9.
Jesús F. Ontiveros Bing Hong Kenji Aramaki Christel Pierlot Jean-Marie Aubry Véronique Nardello-Rataj 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2021,24(3):401-410
A series of symmetrical dialkyl methanesulfonate amphiphiles [DiC n CHSO 3 ] m M (n = 6, 7, 8) with different counter cations (Mm+ = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sc3+) were synthesized in five steps. Their solubility and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water were determined highlighting a huge effect of the chain length and the nature of the cation. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of the surfactants were assessed with the phase inversion temperature (PIT)-slope method based on the deviation from the PIT of the reference C10E4/n-octane/0.01 M NaCl(aq) emulsion through addition of increasing amounts of the dialkyl methanesulfonates. The hydrophilicity of the surfactants was thus ranked in terms of dPIT/dxsulfonate. A “cation” scan with the [DiC 6 CHSO 3 ] m M /benzene/water systems at fw = 0.5 was finally performed confirming the hydrophilicity ranking obtained with the PIT-slope method. It revealed that the [DiC 6 CHSO 3 ] 2 Mg behaves as a “Balanced Surfactant” able to form spontaneously a three-phase microemulsion system (Winsor III) just in the presence of water and oil, in the same way as the catalytic surfactant dimethyldioctylammonium molybdate, which has the same PIT-slope. 相似文献
10.
The amphiphilic block copolymer poly(methacrylic acid-co-2-nitroimidazole acrylate)-b-poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (P(MAA-co-NIMA)-b-PDMAEMA) with the hypoxia/temperature/pH triple responsiveness is synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), hydrolysis, and 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) reactions, and successfully self-assembled into micelles. The hypoxia response in vitro is realized, and then the sensitivity of the self-assembled micelles to the hypoxia condition is studied by controlling the grafting amount of aminated 2-nitroimidazole. Because 2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) is a typical material sensitive to temperature and pH conditions, the self-assembled micelles are also responsive to temperature and different acidic/basic conditions. In addition, the cumulative release rate of doxorubicin (DOX) at 42 °C, pH = 6.0, and hypoxic conditions increases significantly, and verifies the synergistic promotion effect of the above stimulations. This intelligent polymer with triple response mechanism improves the controllability and efficiency of drug release, and is expected to be a drug carrier for cancer treatment. 相似文献