紫外分光光度法测定芸香甙聚乙二醇共沉淀物含量

采用紫外分光光度法测定自制芸香甙聚乙二醇共沉淀物的含量,测定波长为 256nm,测定液浓度在3μg/mL~18μg/mL范围内,质量浓度(ρ)与吸收度呈良好的线性关系,r=0. 9983,平均回收率为 99. 83%,RSD=0. 17% (n=6)。该法简便,样液稳定,赋形剂对测定无干扰。     

毛细管电泳法测定银杏叶片中的橙皮素、芦丁和槲皮素

建立了一种利用毛细管电泳测定银杏叶片中橙皮素、芦丁和槲皮素的方法。研究了缓冲溶液pH值和浓度、分离电压和进样时间对分离的影响，在优化的条件下，10min内实现了三种物质的良好分离。橙皮素、芦丁和槲皮素分别在0．03～0．80、0．06～0．00，0．04～0．90mg/mL浓度范围内和峰电流成线性关系，线性相关系数分别为0．9992、0．9976、0．9991，检出限分别为0．005、0．009和0．006mg/mL。     

Impact of Rutin and Other Phenolic Substances on the Digestibility of Buckwheat Grain Metabolites

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is grown in eastern and central Asia (the Himalayan regions of China, Nepal, Bhutan and India) and in central and eastern Europe (Luxemburg, Germany, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is known for its high concentration of rutin and other phenolic metabolites. Besides the grain, the other aboveground parts of Tartary buckwheat contain rutin as well. After the mixing of the milled buckwheat products with water, the flavonoid quercetin is obtained in the flour–water mixture, a result of rutin degradation by rutinosidase. Heating by hot water or steam inactivates the rutin-degrading enzymes in buckwheat flour and dough. The low buckwheat protein digestibility is due to the high content of phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds have low absorption after food intake, so, after ingestion, they remain for some time in the gastrointestinal tract. They can act in an inhibitory manner on enzymes, degrading proteins and other food constituents. In common and Tartary buckwheat, the rutin and quercetin complexation with protein and starch molecules has an impact on the in vitro digestibility and the appearance of resistant starch and slowly digestible proteins. Slowly digestible starch and proteins are important for the functional and health-promoting properties of buckwheat products.     

高效液相色谱法测定不同产地湘莲中荷叶碱、 莲心碱、芦丁的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定湘莲中荷叶碱、莲心碱、芦丁的方法。方法在酸性条件下超声提取3种待测组分。色谱条件如下:C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:甲醇-0.1 mol/L乙酸铵(用乙二胺调节pH值至7.5~8.0)(55:45,V:V);流速:1.0 m L/min;检测波长:275 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。结果荷叶碱、莲心碱、芦丁分别在7.636~152.7μg/mL(r~2=0.9999,n=5)、7.543~150.9μg/mL(r~2=0.9995,n=5)、7.543~150.9μg/mL(r~2=0.9998,n=5)范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率为96.9%~100.5%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.1%~1.4%。结论该法同时测定湘莲中荷叶碱、莲心碱、芦丁,简单快速,定量准确,可以为评价不同产地湘莲功效成分提供参考。     

芦丁提取与纸色谱检测条件的优化

多年来,从槐花米中提取芦丁及纸色谱检验一直是华南农业大学一年级本科生必做的基础化学实验,但根据教材中提供的实验条件,学生实验过程中总出现产品量少、纸色谱效果差的问题。文章从提取与纸色谱检验两个方面对原始实验条件进行了改进,使芦丁的提取率提高了74%、纸色谱的实验效果得到显著改善。文章得到的最佳提取条件为:冷水投料、加入1%亚硫酸钠、液固比为10、碱溶pH为9.0～10.0、浸煮温度为90～95℃、浸煮时间为30min;展开剂最佳组成为乙酸乙酯︰甲醇︰水=2︰1︰1。     

芦丁酯的酶催化区域选择性合成及其抗氧化活性研究进展

芦丁即槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷,是存在于苦荞、芸香、槐树等的天然类黄酮类化合物。芦丁具有抗氧化、降糖、预防心血管疾病等生物活性,但低溶解度限制了其实际应用。通过对芦丁结构进行亲油修饰合成芦丁酯,可以有效改善脂溶性,提高生物利用率。本文详细综述了非水相酶催化合成芦丁酯的研究进展,重点介绍了酶种类、反应介质、酰基供体等因素对芦丁酯的酶促合成规律的影响。酶促合成芦丁酯的难点在于芦丁含多个羟基及其与酰基供体的不互溶性,总结了芦丁的修饰位点,提出了通过介质复配、物理辅助手段改善底物溶解性,通过筛选酶、酶修饰等可以得到高区域选择性的芦丁酯;进一步阐述了酰化修饰对芦丁抗氧化活性的影响,并总结了现有芦丁酯的分离纯化策略;最后展望了芦丁酯的未来研究方向,对今后芦丁酯的深入研究与开发利用具有指导意义。     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测测定荞麦中表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素的含量

用毛细管电泳-电化学检测的方法研究了荞麦中黄酮类物质:表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素的含量,研究了电极电位、缓冲液的pH值、分离电压及进样时间对电泳的影响,得到优化的测定条件。以直径为300μm的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,工作电极电位为0.95V(vs.SCE),在50mmol/L硼砂(pH8.5)运行缓冲液中,上述3组分在12min内完全分离。表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素线性范围分别为5×10-7￣1×10-4g/mL、1×10-6￣1×10-4g/mL、1×10-6￣1×10-4g/mL;检出限分别为1.83×10-7g/mL、2.9×10-8g/mL、1.00×10-7g/mL;3种标样7次平行进样的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.5%;回收率表儿茶素100.4%、芦丁98.1%、槲皮素100.1%(n=3)。该法灵敏可靠,结果令人满意。     

Inhibitory effects of flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu) on antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells

We found that two distinct flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu), isoquercitrin (Isq) and hyperin (Hyp), are capable of inhibiting antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we examined effects of Isq and Hyp on cellular responses induced by antigen stimulation. Treatment with both Isq and Hyp markedly inhibited antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isq and Hyp did not affect NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, but they possessed DPPH radical-scavenging activity similar to that of epigallocatechin gallate, a potent anti-oxidant, Finally, Isq and Hyp showed little or no effects on Ag-stimulated Syk activation or phosphorylation of signalling molecules. These results indicate that inhibition of antigen-stimulated degranulation by Isq and Hyp is mainly due to suppression of intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation, which is caused by direct scavenging of ROS that are generated by NOX. Our findings suggest that Isq and Hyp, isolated from the peel of persimmon, would be beneficial for alleviating symptoms of type I allergy.     

Rutin, The Main Component of Surface Deposits on Pickled Green Asparagus

Highly visible white and greyish deposits appeared on commercially pickled green asparagus spears after 6 mo storage. Microscopic examination revealed that the deposits consisted mainly of needle shaped crystals. Rutin (querce-tin-3-0-rhamnoglucoside), present in asparagus in appreciable quantities (0.02 to 0.1%) was suspected of being responsible for the deposits. The deposits were chromatographed with authentic rutin using HPLC. Retention and spectral data confirmed that the major component of the deposits was rutin.     

Are Chemical Compounds Important for Soybean Resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anticarsia gemmatalis</Emphasis>?

The identification and quantification of flavonoids (rutin and genistin) present in extracts of soybean genotypes, and their effects on the biology and physiology of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae) were studied. Analysis of covariance and bicoordinate utilization plots were used to remove the effect of feeding time from pupal weight and consumption as well as to separate pre- and postingestive effects of treatment on A. gemmatalis growth. Genotypes PI 274454, PI 227687, and “IAC-100” extracts in general, caused higher mortality, negatively influenced initial larval and pupal weight, and elongated larval cycle. Larvae fed on the “IAC-100” extract diet ingested larger amounts of food per unit of time, but were less efficient in its conversion to biomass. Leaf extracts of PI 227687 had the largest concentration of rutin (quercitin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside), followed by PI 274454, and “IAC-100”; PI 74454 also had the highest genistin (genistein 7-O-glucoside) content. The susceptible cultivar “BR-16” showed only a kaempferol-based flavonoid in its chemical profile, indicating that after successive crosses, secondary compounds responsible for plant defenses were eliminated. Genotypes PI 274454, PI 227687, and “IAC-100” showed accentuated resistance characteristics and were considered inadequate sources for the development of A. gemmatalis. Considering rutin and genistin concentration in these genotypes, it is suggested that flavonoids are important factors conferring resistance to A. gemmatalis.