Influence of Two Salicylate Components on the Particle Size of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Nonionic Surfactants

This paper reports a study undertaken using techniques of static and dynamic light scattering to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate and methyl salicylate on droplet size of oil-in-water emulsions. The rates of changes were measured by determining the size and distribution of the oil droplet in the material. All emulsions showed a bimodal size distribution; the mean diameters and polydispersity were calculated from intensity. These data were analyzed with nonlinear regressions and bootstrap methodology. An amount of methyl salicylate component induced a decrease of mean diameter and standard deviation. On the contrary, sodium salicylate entailed the growth of all droplet populations and coalescence for the highest concentration.     

微型反应器-HPLC催化合成水杨酸甲酯的研究

选择水杨酸甲酯的催化合成反应为基础反应体系，以固体超强酸为催化剂，建立微型催化反应器与高效液相色谱的联用新技术，并对液固相催化酯化反应进行微反催化合成研究。使用ZrO₂-SiO₂/SO_^2-4催化剂制成微型催化反应器进行试验，建立微反-HPLC联用实验装置，考察了水杨酸的加入量以及反应温度对转化率的影响。并通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱和电子透镜等技术，对反应前后催化剂的晶相、酸性特征峰以及催化剂的形态形貌进行了表征。     

水杨酸乙酯双封端异氰酸酯产物的合成及鉴定

研究了水杨酸乙酯双封端1,6 六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)的反应。讨论了温度、催化剂用量、加料方式、加料时间及反应时间对该反应的影响。用正交实验设计方法,优选了反应条件:n(水杨酸乙酯)/n(HDI)=2 4,反应温度85℃,反应时间10h,催化剂用量为HDI质量的1 0%。双封端产物产率(相对于合成粗产物而言)达到90 25%。用熔点和薄层色谱分析定性验证了产物质量。用红外光谱和气质联机分析证实了产物的结构。用热重分析(TG/DTA)测定产物热分解温度为116℃。     

微波法合成水杨酸乙酯

以浓硫酸为催化剂,在微波辐照下合成了水杨酸乙酯,同时对影响反应转化率的诸因素进行了考察。其最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比3∶1,浓硫酸用量0.20mol,辐射时间30min。     

固体超强酸催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

用固体超强酸SO4^2-/Fe2O3-TiO2为催化剂，实现了水杨酸和正丁醇反应合成水杨酸正丁酯。最佳合成条件为n(醇)：n(酸)＝2．0：1，催化剂用量为酸质量的5％，反应时间为4．5h，酯化率可达96％。催化剂具有容易回收并可循环使用、不污染环境等优点。     

N－氰基乙亚胺酸乙酯含量的气相色谱分析

采用GC-900气相色谱仪、3%PEG-12000/Chromosorb880AWDMCS填充柱和FID检测器,以水杨酸甲酯为内标物测定N-氰基乙亚胺酸乙酯含量,回收率在98.5%—101.8%之间,标准偏差为0.27%,变异系数为0.27%。     

新型催化剂合成对甲氧基二苯甲酮的研究

介绍用水杨酸铁合成对甲氧基二苯甲酮的方法，并从多方面与传统催化剂无水三氯化铝进行比较，该新型催化剂具有用量少、产率高、工艺简单、无污染等优点。     

Chemistry of mandibular and Dufour's gland secretions of ants in genusMyrmecocystus

Males of several species ofMyrmecocystus produce mandibular gland secretions that contain 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexenoic acid and a variety of monoterpenes that include neral, geranial, citronellol, limonene, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol. Other components identified include methyl anthranilate, octanal, octanol, octyl octanoate, and 2-hexyl-2-decenal. Methyl salicylate has been identified as a mandibular gland constituent of workers of several species in addition to mellein and monoterpenes such as cymene, limonene, and the isomers of citral. The Dufour's gland secretions of workers and females of 14 species contain typical formicine alkanes (e.g., undecane), 2-alkanols (e.g., 2-tridecanol), and 2-alkanones (e.g., 2-tridecanone). Two species in the subgenusEremnocystus produce secretions that are distinguished by the presence of significant quantities of tridecyl esters. The functions of these compounds as well as their possible chemosystematic significance in the genusMyrmecocystus are discussed.     

Antagonism between jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated induced plant resistance: effects of concentration and timing of elicitation on defense-related proteins,herbivore, and pathogen performance in tomato

The jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling pathways in plants provide resistance to herbivorous insects and pathogens. It is known that these pathways interact, sometimes resulting in antagonism between the pathways. We tested how the timing and concentration of elicitation of each pathway influenced the interaction between the jasmonate and salicylate pathways measured in terms of five biochemical responses and biological resistance to caterpillars and bacteria. The salicylate pathway had a stronger effect on the jasmonate pathway than did the reverse. The negative signal interaction was generated by two distinct paths in the plant. A negative interaction in the biochemical expression of the two pathways was most consistent in the simultaneous elicitation experiments compared to when the elicitors were temporally separated by two days. Herbivore bioassays with Spodoptera exigua also consistently reflected an interaction between the two pathways in the simultaneous elicitation experiments. The negative signal interaction reducing biological resistance to the herbivore was also demonstrated in some temporally separated treatment combinations where attenuation of the biochemical response was not evident. Concentration of the elicitors had an effect on the pathway interaction with consistent biochemical and biological antagonism in the high concentration experiments and inconsistent antagonism in the low concentration experiments. The bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), consistently showed reduced lesion development on plants with SA responses activated and, in some experiments, on JA-elicited plants. Resistance to Pst was not reduced or enhanced in dual-elicited plants. Thus, signal interaction is most consistent when elicitors are applied at the same time or when applied at high doses. Signal interaction affected the herbivore S. exigua, but not the pathogen Pst.     

固体酸催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的研究

水杨酸异丙酯是一种重要的化工原料和药物中间体 ,现行合成工艺存在诸多缺点。因此 ,新型高效催化剂的开发和工艺改进是水杨酸异丙酯合成的一个重要课题。以固体酸SA为催化剂合成水杨酸异丙酯 ,发现固体酸SA对水杨酸异丙酯合成具有良好的催化活性。考察并优化了固体酸SA催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的工艺条件。实验结果表明 ,采用优化的工艺条件 ,固体酸SA催化剂可减少催化剂用量 ,提高总收率 ,缩短生产周期 ,降低生产成本