一种定形相变贮能材料的制备

本实验探讨了利用熔融插层法将棕榈酸插入到蒙脱土层间制备定形相变贮能材料的方法,研究了其适宜的制备条件,用XRD、IR、DSC等方法对定形相变材料的结构和性能进行了表征与测试.研究结果表明:棕榈酸被有效地密封在蒙脱土层间,制得的材料具有良好的贮能性能,相变贮能过程中形态稳定.     

相变墙体中的定形相变材料的实验研究

由石蜡和高聚乙烯构成定形相变材料，填加到墙体中可增加墙体的蓄热能力，节约能源：文中实验研究了按不同比例混合而成的定形相变材料的相变温度、相变潜热和稳定性，得出了石蜡含量的临界值。研究结果显示：石蜡和高聚乙烯组成的定形相变材料结构均匀稳定，不变形，相变温度合适，相变潜热大，是理想的在墙体中使用的相变储能材料。     

石蜡定形相变材料的包裹及热性能

利用原位聚合法,提出了对定形相变材料进行无机高分子材料再包裹,制备了硅胶封装石蜡定形相变材料的微胶囊,其石蜡的含量最高达到w(石蜡)=69.12%。用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了微胶囊的热性能,并将测定粉体材料润湿性能的W ashburn方程应用于相变材料的亲油亲水性测定,评价了定形相变材料在胶囊封装前后的亲水性变化。结果表明,经硅胶封装的相变材料其相变焓为153.46 J.g-1,相变焓降低较少,而亲水性能有很大提高,确定了微胶囊产品中石蜡最佳质量分数为w(石蜡)=50%~56%。     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Fatty Acid Blends for Thermal Energy Storage

Abstract

This article is aimed to prepare the blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with fatty acids (lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids) as shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM), to prove the miscibility of fatty acids with the PVA by microscopic investigation and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and to measure their melting temperature and the latent heat of fusion by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis methods. In the blends, the fatty acids, which are dispersed in the solid network of the polymer, act as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) material during its solid-liquid phase change when the polymer (PVA) has function of supporting material because of its structural strength. Therefore, the shape-stabilized fatty acids can keep the same shape in a solid shape without leakage of liquid fatty acids by aid of PVA in solid state. The maximum mixture ratio for all fatty acids in the shape-stabilized form was found as 50 wt%. By using DSC analysis method, the melting temperatures and latent heats of the shape-stabilized lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were determined as 39.8, 50.2, 56.2, and 67.4°C and 96.4, 105.3, 121.6, and 132.6 J/g, respectively. The results indicate that the PVA/fatty acids blends as shape-stabilized PCM have great potential for passive solar LHTES applications in terms of their satisfactory thermal properties and utility advantage of without encapsulation.     

十八烷膨胀珍珠岩定形相变材料封装及隔热性能

以十八烷为相变材料,膨胀珍珠岩为支撑材料,采用浸泡吸附工艺制备定形相变材料。通过DSC、FT-IR、ESEM等测试技术对相变材料及定形相变材料进行表征。为减少在水泥基质中使用时相变材料融化泄漏,本文尝试采用湿裹水泥干粉工艺对该定形相变材料进行表面封装,在60℃下连续烘烤20h,封装前后十八烷在膨胀珍珠岩中的容留率由75%提高到97%以上。隔热性能测试结果表明：以封装后的定形相变材料等质量取代水泥砂浆中40%砂,与基准砂浆板相比,10mm和15mm厚度砂浆板下表面时间延迟和最大温差分别为230s、4.2℃和500s、6.2℃。经历25次冷热循环的相变砂浆,15mm厚度砂浆板下表面时间延迟仍有360s,最大温差4.3℃。     

沥青路面用复合定形相变材料的路用性能研究

为研究复合定形相变材料对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,制备沥青路面用复合定形相变材料,测定相变材料的相变温度、相变焓等热物性参数,借助马歇尔稳定度试验、低温弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验与车辙试验等方法研究掺加复合定形相变材料沥青混合料的路用性能.试验结果表明,对于最佳沥青用量,掺与未掺复合定形相变材料的沥青混合料差别很小;复合定形相变材料可显著改善沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能;复合定形相变材料有利于提高沥青混合料的水稳定性;对于动稳定度,基质沥青混合料的明显大于掺加复合定形相变材料的沥青混合料,且沥青混合料的高温稳定性随着复合定形相变材料掺量的增大而降低.综合考虑掺加复合定形相变材料沥青混合料的路用性能,推荐本研究制备的复合定形相变材料在实际应用中采取0.3％的掺量.     

用于建筑墙体的定型相变材料的再包覆工艺研究

以海藻酸钠为成膜材料,氯化钙为交联剂,采用薄膜包衣技术制备了包覆正十九烷/聚乙烯定形相变材料,研究了包覆过程中表面润湿剂、增塑剂、成膜材料、交联剂及干燥温度等因素对包覆层性能的影响.定形相变材料经包覆后,其20次热循环失重由包覆前的10%降到了3%,此材料可用于建筑墙体的保温.     

硫酸钠/氧化硅复合定形相变材料的溶胶凝胶法制备和表征简

A sodium sulfate （NaeSO4）/silica （SiO2） composite was prepared as a shape-stabilized solid-liquid phase change material by a sol-gel procedure using Na2SiO3 as the silica source. Na2SO4 in the composite acts as a latent heat storage substance for solid-liquid phase change, while SiO2 acts as a support material to provide structural strength and prevent leakage of melted NazSO4. The microstructure and composition of the prepared composite were characterized by the N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the prepared Na2SOJSiO2 composite is a nanostructured hybrid of NazSO4 and SiO2 without new substances produced during the phase change. The macroscopic shape of the NazSO4/SiO2 composite after the melting and freezing cycles does not change and there is no leakage of Na2SO4. Determined by differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） analysis, the values of phase change latent heat of melting and freezing of the prepared NazSO4/SiO2 （50%, by mass） composite are 82.3 kJ.kg i and 83.7 kJ.kg-1, and temperatures of melting and freezing are 886.0 ℃ and 880.6 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, the Na2SOJSiO2 composite maintains good thermal energy storage and release ability even after 100 cycles of melting and freezing. The satisfactory thermal storage performance renders this composite a versatile tool for high-temperature thermal energy storage.     

PEG/SiO2定形相变材料在沥青及水泥环境中应用的可行性

以聚乙二醇/二氧化硅(PEG/SiO2)定形相变材料与沥青、水泥为原料,采用物理共混法制备出沥青或水泥复合定形相变材料.利用综合热分析仪(TG-DSC)测试复合相变材料的储热性能及热稳定性,通过FT-IR对复合相变材料的兼容性进行了表征,探讨PEG/SiO2定形相变材料在沥青、水泥环境中应用的可行性.试验表明,复合定形相变材料具有较高的相变焓,良好的热稳定性和兼容性.将PEG/SiO2定形相变材料应用于公路工程中,可实现太阳能量转换与储存,主动调节路面的使用温度,并在高温条件下可有效降低路表温度,减少温度对路面的病害,缓解城市热岛效应,改善人居环境,其应用前景广阔.     

墙体储能用定形相变石蜡储热性能的实验研究

实验配制并研究了以高密度聚乙烯为支撑材料的定形相变石蜡.所使用的石蜡为由液体石蜡分别与46#石蜡、48#石蜡配制的两种适于墙体中使用低熔点混合物,相变温度分别为26.6、25.5℃,相变潜热较大.利用DSC实验研究了两种石蜡混合物分别与高密度聚乙烯按40%～90%比例配制成的定形相变材料的相变温度、相变潜热、均匀性和稳定性.定形相变材料在低温区的相变温度与石蜡的相变温度基本一致,在26～28℃之间,定形材料相变潜热近似等于石蜡的相变潜热与石蜡百分含量的乘积.定形相变材料中石蜡的最佳含量为70%,此时相变潜热约为100J/g.