基于海底黑烟囱的海洋温差发电热力循环系统研究

与传统的海洋温差发电系统不同,海底黑烟囱海洋温差发电系统是以海洋地热为热源,以深海冷水为冷源的发电系统。文章分别分析和计算了以水蒸气为工质的开式系统和以纯氨为工质的闭式系统的循环热效率、换热器负荷、泵耗以及循环净功等相关参数。结果表明,与以纯氨为工质的闭式系统相比,开式系统的热水泵功耗过大,降低高温海水的温度和提高闪蒸压力对开式系统是不利的;以水蒸气为动力循环工质有利于降低换热器的负荷,这对换热器的设计是十分有利的。     

Smoking cessation: Social comparison level predicts success for adult smokers.

The affiliation preferences of 151 adult heavy smokers who joined smoking cessation groups were assessed at the 1st group session and were then used to predict their smoking status 6 and 12 months later. Those who preferred to be in groups with other smokers who were having relatively little trouble quitting were more likely to be successful than were those who preferred others who were having more difficulty quitting. This prospective effect was mediated by psychological distancing from the image of the typical smoker: Preference for others who were doing well was associated with a decrease in perceived similarity to the typical smoker, which, in turn, was associated with successful cessation. Implications of these findings for cessation groups and social comparison theory are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

中国烟民口含烟支深度调查分析

研究采用一种改进的烟蒂接装纸上唇印显色方法———茚三酮显色法 ,首次研究了我国烟民口含烟支的深度。实验结果表明 ,我国烟民口含烟支深度的范围为 1～ 17mm ,总体统计结果为 (7.3± 2 .0 )mm。我国不同烟区烟民的口含烟支深度 (昆明 ,7.9mm± 2 .4mm、玉溪 ,7.6mm± 2 .2mm、广州 ,7.5mm± 1.9mm、郑州 ,7.6mm± 2 .0mm、西宁 ,7.7mm± 2 .1mm和北京 ,7.6mm± 2 .0mm)无明显差别。通风滤嘴卷烟 (7.6mm± 2 .5mm)与不通风滤嘴卷烟 (7.8mm± 2 .4mm)的口含深度也没有明显差别。在所测量的通风滤嘴卷烟中 ,有 95 %的通风区未被嘴唇堵塞 ,仅有 4 %被部分堵塞 ,1%被完全堵塞     

美国大杏仁对年轻吸烟者体重、血脂和血压的影响

目的本研究探讨了美国大杏仁对吸烟者体重、血脂和血压的影响。方法 60位健康年轻男性吸烟者摄入美国大杏仁,84 g/d,连续28 d。分别在试验前后测量体重和血压,并取血测定相关血脂指标,包括甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白。结果吸烟者摄入美国大杏仁28 d后,与摄入前相比,体重、血压和血脂均没有显著改变。结论连续28 d摄入84 g美国大杏仁对年轻健康吸烟者的体重、血压和血脂均没有明显影响。     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Ham

The aim of this work was to determine the content of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in household-produced smoked meat. Ham was manufactured in traditional drying facilities and smoking cabinets in Serbia. PAHs can significantly influence smoked meat quality and safety. The total content of the PAHs was 11.51 μg/kg in ham manufactured in drying cabinets and 0.16 μg/kg in ham produced in smoking facilities. The most abundant of all PAHs was chrysene. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in hams manufactured in traditional dryers in southwestern Serbia in concentrations lower than maximum residue level set in current Regulation in Republic of Serbia.     

Defensive evaluation of antismoking messages among college-age smokers: The role of possible selves.

This study hypothesized that individuals respond to antismoking messages in a biased or defensive manner. The authors operationalized the personal relevance of smoking variously as smoking behavior (smoking status, rate, duration, and recent attempts to quit), endorsement of the smoker stereotype, and importance of smoking behavior as an identity within the self-concept (current self and possible selves). In the experiment, smokers (n?=&82) and nonsmokers (n?=?105) privately viewed several antismoking video segments. Smoking status, current smoking identity, and long-term future smoking identity were significantly associated with a defensive evaluation of antismoking messages. The study concludes that the concept of possible selves (H. Markus & P. Nurius, 1986) is critical in understanding college-age smoking and in the design of effective antismoking campaigns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Proteomic analysis of whole human saliva detects enhanced expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, thioredoxin and lipocalin-1 in cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers

A gel-based proteomics approach was used to screen for proteins of differential abundance between the saliva of smokers and those who had never smoked. Subjecting precipitated proteins from whole human saliva of healthy non-smokers to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) generated typical profiles comprising more than 50 proteins. While 35 of the proteins were previously established by other researchers, an additional 22 proteins were detected in the 2-DE saliva protein profiles generated in the present study. When the 2-DE profiles were compared to those obtained from subjects considered to be heavy cigarette smokers, three saliva proteins, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, thioredoxin and lipocalin-1, showed significant enhanced expression. The distribution patterns of lipocalin-1 isoforms were also different between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The three saliva proteins have good potential to be used as biomarkers for the adverse effects of smoking and the risk for inflammatory and chronic diseases that are associated with it.     

Similarity in cigarette smoking attracts: A prospective study of romantic partner selection by own smoking and smoker prototypes.

In the current research, we used a multiwave longitudinal design to examine how young adults’ own smoking and smoker prototypes are associated with selection of romantic partners over time. Results indicate that participants who smoke, versus participants who do not smoke, and participants who have a more positive prototype of the typical smoker are more likely to initiate a romantic relationship with someone who smokes and who has greater perceived approval for smoking. Among participants who smoke, higher levels of smoking are associated with initiating a relationship with a romantic partner who smokes more and approves of smoking more. The findings suggest some important aspects of romantic partner selection effects in terms of what is selected for, partner smoking and approval, and key young adult variables that contribute to selection, such as participant’s own smoking and smoker prototype. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)