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采用自制设备测定中国50种不同牌号卷烟实际可燃率、自由燃烧速度,并结合气相色谱分析常规烟气成分。结果表明:①实际可燃率与自由燃烧速度呈极显著负相关,即卷烟阴燃越完全,自由燃烧速度越慢。②实际可燃率与常规烟气中的总粒相物(total particulate matter,TPM)、烟碱、焦油、抽吸口数指标均呈极显著正相关,其中与TPM相关性最强;自由燃烧速度与TPM、烟碱、焦油、抽吸口数指标均呈极显著负相关,其中与TPM、焦油相关性较强。综合分析卷烟阴燃越完全,自由燃烧速度越慢,则抽吸口数越多,焦油含量越高。 相似文献
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Observation of collapsed coiled (steel) furniture springs has been utilized for several decades or more by arson investigators as an indicator of whether an accelerant or smoldering source (such as a cigarette) caused a fire. This paper cites the contradictory literature, synopsizes metallurgical phenomena operative when coiled steel springs are subjected to fires, and presents empirical data from U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory testing. It is concluded that observation of the collapsed state of coiled furniture/bedding springs is not a reliable indicator of whether a fire was initiated by a smoldering cigarette or accelerated by the presence of a hydrocarbon. 相似文献
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Peter F. Johnson 《Fire Technology》1986,22(1):14-32
A recent fire in a computer center in Canberra, Australia, prompted an investigation of the installed smoke detection system. The opportunity was also taken to evaluate alternate detection equipment in the actual center under operational conditions. One device tested was VESDA, a new highly sensitive smoke detector developed in Australia for clean occupancies such as computer rooms and telephone exchanges. Details of the test program and the effects of high room airflows on all forms of detectors are presented. The effectiveness of VESDA in giving very early warning of fire is demonstrated.
Reference: Peter F. Johnson, Fire Detection in Computer Facilities,Fire Technology, Vol. 22, No. 1, February 1986, p. 14.
Note: This paper is a modified version of a CIRL Major Report No. 251, 1984, prepared for Department of Housing and Construction, Canberra, Australia. 相似文献
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大豆预处理车间的粉尘分为干式粉尘和湿式粉尘。粉尘易引起设备故障和车间污染,在限定空间和条件下会发生粉尘阴燃、起火甚至爆炸,给安全生产带来隐患。针对这些问题,根据大豆预处理工艺和设备的特点设计除尘风网和工艺风网。对大豆预处理车间的除尘风网和工艺风网进行了介绍。为减少含尘气体排放,除尘风网采取循环风设计,对可能出现阴燃、起火的溜管、弯头、设备的下料接管积尘处,以及可能出现粉尘爆炸的筒仓进行防燃、防爆和抑爆处理。通过对4 000 t/d 大豆压榨厂含尘气体排放实测表明,预处理车间的风网运行稳定,实现了安全和清洁生产。 相似文献
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为探讨通风条件对阴燃过程的影响,笔者利用小型阴燃试验炉,研究了纵向通风风速对落叶松锯末正向阴燃过程中的阴燃建立时间、阴燃速度、阴燃温度和质量损失的影响。结果表明,在不同的通风风速下,阴燃的建立时间差别不大,但总平均阴燃速度随着通风风速的增加而明显增大;沿阴燃传播方向,不同位置处的平均阴燃速度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,阴燃温度均依次出现先升高后下降的变化趋势;当通风风速 v=0 m/s 时,阴燃最高温度达 451.9 ℃;锯末阴燃质量损失速率和最终剩余质量均随通风风速的增加而增大。研究结果可以为阴燃火灾事故预防提供一定参考。 相似文献
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为了研究巷道中煤层阴燃状态的判别方法,基于阴燃是氧控制反应的原理,根据通风阻力定律、风量平衡定律和Fick第一扩散定律,分别建立了煤层阴燃稳定传播与趋向熄灭时巷道中的O2体积分数方程,提出了用巷道中的O2体积分数梯度进行煤层阴燃状态的判别方法,即从巷道的自然风流区至热空气涡流区之间随着距自然风流区距离的增大,阴燃趋向熄灭时的O2体积分数梯度绝对值均是定值η,而阴燃稳定传播时的O2体积分数梯度绝对值呈现出大于η,等于η和小于η的下降趋势.借助巷道中煤层阴燃模拟实验装置,对上述判别方法进行了实验验证,实验测定出褐煤的η=90%/m.结果表明,巷道中煤层阴燃状态的O2体积分数梯度判别法是合理的. 相似文献
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