Synthesis of polyurethane resins and its improvement on dimensional stability and finishing performances of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods

This study analyzed the effects of polyurethane (PU) resin treatments on surface homogeneity, dimensional stability, and finishing performances of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods produced in Taiwan. Two‐pack PU resins were prepared by combing short castor oil‐modified alkyd resin serving as a polyol with polymeric 4,4′‐diphenymethane diisocyanate (PMDI) serving as a hardener, by the molar ratio of NCO/OH+COOH of 1.2. Four types of short oil‐modified alkyd resins with different polyhydric alcohols (glycerin and pentaerythritol) and polybasic acids (phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid) were synthesized. Three kinds of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods, including China fir, Taiwanina, and Japanese fir with a diameter of 10–15 cm were obtained from Hui‐Sun Forest Station, Taiwan. The wood coating of nitrocellulose (NC) lacquer including sanding sealer and top clear was used. Results show that the surface hardness, homogeneity, moisture excluding efficiency, and antiswelling efficiency of woods were enhanced by PU resin treatments. Among all the PU resins, the isophthalic acid and pentaerythritol‐containing PU resin (IPA‐P‐MDI) achieved the best improved efficiency on dimensional stability of woods. Results of two types of finishing procedure, i.e. NC lacquer sanding sealer plus top clear and top clear only, applied onto the PU‐treated woods revealed that the hardness, adhesion, and durability of NC lacquer films on the PU‐treated wood were superior to those of untreated one, especially for top clear finishing alone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

两种纤维素酶水解漂白针叶木纤维能力的比较

采用复合纤维素酶Celluclast 1.5L和内切纤维素酶Novozym 476等分别对漂白针叶木纤维进行了水解实验.通过对比两种酶的酶活力大小以及水解后纤维得率的变化情况,分析比较了两种纤维素酶水解纤维素纤维的能力大小.其结果显示:纤维素酶Celluclast 1.5L具有较高的滤纸酶活,而纤维素酶Novozym 476具有较高的CMC酶活.经纤维素酶Celluclast 1.5L水解处理后,随着酶用量的增加或酶处理时间的延长,纤维得率急速下降,当酶用量为20.0FPU/g、水解时间为2h时,纤维得率约为81%;当酶用量为10.0FPU/g、水解时间为48h时,纤维得率仅为55.34%,这说明纤维素酶Celluclast 1.5L对纤维素具有很强的水解作用,它不仅可以作用于纤维素的无定形区,同时也可以作用于纤维素的结晶区.纤维素酶Novozym 476亦能使纤维素发生一定程度的水解,但催化水解能力远低于纤维素酶Celluclast 1.5L,当Novozym 476用量为50.0CMCU/g时,仅有5%左右的纤维素水解成为葡萄糖.     

加拿大针叶木纸浆的打浆特性及其电声性能

本文对各种加拿大进口针叶木纸浆的纤维特性做了分析。研究了各种加拿大进口纸浆的打浆特性及其电声性能。结果表明：在加拿大进口纸浆中,电子级乔治王子未漂白硫酸盐木浆FUKP和北木漂白硫酸盐木浆NBKP比较适合做为生产扬声器纸盆的主要材料。在扬声器纸盆的研发过程中,可以根据扬声器的具体用途及对音质的不同要求采用适当比例的FUKP和NBKP混合抄纸来达到相应的目标。     

酶预处理对漂白针叶木浆打浆性能的影响

用纤维素内切酶N476对3种不同的漂白针叶木浆进行预处理实验,获得打浆度、保水值等表征纤维特性的数据,并对这些数据进行分析对比.结果表明,细胞壁薄、细胞腔大、纤维较长的原料经酶处理后纤维滤水性、润湿性、纤维表面积相对增加较快,在相同的磨浆转数下打浆度增加幅度大.     

汽蒸-冷碱法制备溶解浆的研究

研究并开发了汽蒸与冷碱处理相结合(汽蒸-冷碱法)将漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆升级至溶解浆的技术。探讨了汽蒸处理过程中,汽蒸压力、维压时间、浆浓对汽蒸浆的黏度、抗碱性(R_(10))、得率以及废液p H值的影响;考察了冷碱处理过程中,碱浓、温度、处理时间对溶解浆的黏度、抗碱性(R_(10))、多戊糖含量及得率的影响。结果表明,汽蒸压力是影响汽蒸处理效果最重要的因素,维压时间次之,浆浓最小;碱浓是影响冷碱处理效果最重要的因素,温度次之,处理时间最小。汽蒸处理的适宜工艺条件为:浆浓40%,汽蒸压力0. 6 MPa,维压时间25 min;冷碱处理的适宜工艺条件为:浆浓20%,碱浓12. 5%,温度20～40℃,处理时间1 h。在此条件下制备得到的溶解浆各项性能为:黏度398 mL/g,抗碱性(R_(10)) 92. 2%,多戊糖含量3. 87%,白度86. 1%,达到了QB/T 4898—2015中针叶木溶解浆优等品的质量指标。     

ZnCl2水溶液制备纤维素膜的研究

以针叶浆为原料,ZnCl2水溶液为溶解溶剂,制备再生纤维素膜。利用单因数实验分析了纤维素膜制各过程中浆浓、反应温度、溶解时间对纤维素膜强度的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为浆浓3％、反应温度90℃、溶解时间为2h。并通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）分析,比较经ZnCl2水溶液处理前后纤维的结构和性能变化,发现ZnCl2水溶液是纤维素的非衍生化溶剂,经ZnCl2水溶液处理后的纤维素已由纤维素I转换为纤维素II,制备的再生纤维素膜具有一定的强度,且具有多孔性的特征。     

软木干燥中湿空气和过热蒸汽的外部传热

In kiln drying of softwood timber, external heat and moisture mass transfer coefficients are important in defining boundary temperature and moisture content at the wood surface. In addition, superheated steam drying of wood is a promising technology but this has not been widely accepted commercially, partially due to the lack of understanding of the drying phenomena occurred during drying. In this work, experimental investigation was performed to quantify the heat transfer between wood surface and surrounding moist air or superheated steam. In the experiment, saturated radiata pine sapwood samples were dried using dry-bulb/wet-bulb temperatures of 60℃/50℃,90℃/60℃, 120℃/70℃, 140℃/90℃, 160℃/90℃, 140℃/100℃ and 160℃/100℃. The last two schedules were for superheated steam drying as the wet-bulb temperature was set at 100℃. The circulation velocity over the board surface was controlled at 4.2 m·s-1. Two additional runs (90℃/60℃) using air velocities of 2.4 m·s-1 and 4.8 m·s-1were performed to check the effect of the circulation velocity. During drying, sample weight and temperatures at wood surface and different depths were continuously measured. From these measurements, changes in wood temperature and moisture content were calculated and external heat-transfer coefficient was determined for both the moist air and the superheated steam drying.     

蚕丝制浆性能及其与针叶木浆配抄性能

脱胶蚕丝经过碱液预浸渍后用PFI和盘磨打浆,并与针叶木浆配抄。对打浆后蚕丝的纤维形态及蚕丝与针叶木配抄后纸张的性能进行分析。结果表明,蚕丝经过处理后具有同植物纤维相近的分丝帚化性质;与针叶木浆配抄后,可以提高纸张的松厚度,添加量在10%时,可以提高纸张的抗张强度。