Automated parallel synthesis with multivariate analysis was employed in the optimization of a Pd-catalyzed three-component cascade reaction of 7-buta-2,3-dienyl-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione with iodobenzene and morpholine (see Scheme 1). Initially a range of reaction factors were analyzed using experimental design to optimize for selectivity, conversion, and impurity levels. Solvents and bases were screened separately as the substantial number of discrete variables involved is unsuited to the fractional factorial design used. Instead, a solvent principal component analysis (PCA) model was used in selection of solvents for screening, so gaining maximum variation in solvent properties. Similarly, tertiary amines were chosen by pKa for screening as bases alongside inorganic salts. This investigation yielded two-fold results, not only in enhancement of the reaction selectivity, but since significantly different findings were obtained on changing the solvent, the importance of the sequence of experimentation is also emphasized. 相似文献
The Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 genome encodes a number of enzymes that can be exploited as biocatalysts. Study of the substrate spectrum and enantioselectivity of Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases from R. jostii allowed the identification of short amino acid sequences specific to groups displaying certain catalytic characteristics. The gel illustrates the substrate acceptance spectra and selectivities of the different proteins.
This paper describes a base‐catalyzed domino reaction of electron‐deficient enynes with malonate‐derived α,β‐unsaturated esters and ketones, which provides a rapid, stereoselective access to multi‐functionalized cyclopentanes and inden‐5(6 H)‐ones in high yields. In this reaction, the alkynyl group of the enyne acts as an activating group rather than a reacting group. 相似文献
An efficient oxidative cyclopropanation of the Michael adducts of nitroolefins with activated methylene compounds by the combination of iodobenzene diacetate and tetrabutylammonium iodide is reported. Highly functionalized nitrocyclopropanes are synthesized in moderate to good yields via the Michael addition and cyclopropanation with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity under mild conditions. 相似文献
Doubly deprotonated carboxylic acids undergo smooth palladium‐catalyzed carbon alkylations with the allylic substrates methyl allyl carbonate and (E)‐methyl (pent‐3‐en‐2‐yl) carbonate to give γ,δ‐unsaturated carboxylic acids. A diastereoselective and enantioselective protocol leads to (2S,3R)‐hexenoic acid in 87% ee. 相似文献
Inversion of stereoselectivity: screening of a minimal mutant library revealed a cytochrome P450?BM3 variant M01?A82W?S72I capable of producing 16?α-OH-testosterone. Remarkably, a single active site mutation S72I in M01?A82W inverted the stereoselectivity of hydroxylation from 16?β to 16?α. Introduction of S72I mutation in another 16?β-OH-selective variant M11?V87I, also resulted in similar inversion of stereoselectivity. 相似文献