Diluted chemical bath deposition of CdZnS as prospective buffer layer in CIGS solar cell

In this study, dilute chemical bath deposition technique has been used to deposit CdZnS thin films on soda-lime glass substrates. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic properties of as-grown films have been investigated as a function of different Zn²⁺ precursor concentrations. The X-ray diffractogram of CdS thin-film reveals a peak corresponding to (002) plane with wurtzite structure, and the peak shift has been observed with the increase of the Zn²⁺ concentration upon formation of CdZnS thin film. From morphological studies, it has been revealed that the diluted chemical bath deposition technique provides homogeneous distribution of film on the substrate even at a lower concentration of Zn²⁺. Optical characterization has shown that the transparency of the film is influenced by Zn²⁺ concentration and when the Zn²⁺ concentration is varied from 0 M to 0.0256 M, bandgap values of resulting films range from 2.42 eV to 3.90 eV while. Furthermore, electrical properties have shown that with increasing zinc concentration the resistivity of the film increases. Finally, numerical simulation validates and suggests that CdZnS buffer layer with composition of 0.0032 M Zn²⁺ concentration would be a promising candidate in CIGS solar cell.     

Silver electrodeposition from air and water-stable ionic liquid: An environmentally friendly alternative to cyanide baths

The influence of temperature on the kinetics and the morphology of silver deposits obtained from an air and water-stable ionic liquid (the 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate) was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The nucleation and growth mechanisms have been investigated and the effect of temperature evaluated up to 200 °C. Dense, pure and very thin (about 0.3 μm) silver coatings, with decorative properties, have been obtained on commercial copper electrodes at different temperatures. The characterization of the deposits morphology has been performed by visual investigation and SEM microscopy. Data about thickness were acquired by Calotest® measurements. The deposits result constituted by pure silver as determined by combination of EDX microanalysis and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The deposition method promises to be a new, environmentally friendly, method for silver electrodeposition which is the reason for the absence of cyanide and volatile toxic solvents in the electroplating bath.     

毛/涤纱分散/酸性(媒染)染料一浴法筒子染色工艺

毛/涤纱分散/酸性(媒染)染料一浴法筒子染色工艺,在100℃条件下能满足毛、涤两种纤维同时上染,染色产品具有着色深浓鲜艳,色泽一致,各项牢度符合要求,对纤维无损伤等优点,从而缩短生产时间,降低成本,提高经济效益。     

Analytical characterization of cadmium cyanamide in CdS thin films and bulk precipitates produced from CBD process in pilot plant

CdS thin films and bulk precipitates were obtained by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in a well-closed reactor. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis and leaching have been used to characterize solids and thin films. It has been shown that the proportion of cadmium cyanamide in solids may vary from about 50% to 2% according to physicochemical conditions in solution (time after CBD, ammonia concentration) and that CdO results from CdCN₂ after air annealing of thin films. This last step also increases the crystallinity of the films.     

微酸性光亮锡铅合金镀液分析方法

提出锡铅合金液中Ｓｎ＾２＋，Ｓｎ（ＩＶ），ＰＢ＾２＋、ＥＤＴＱＡ、柠檬酸三钠的分析方法。     

中性固色剂NF在分散／活性一浴热溶染色中的应用

本文对涤棉混纺织物在分散/活性染料同浴染色中采用碱固工艺与中性固色工艺作了较详细的对比试验,同时对中性固色剂及双氰胺的用量进行了优选组合,并对中性固色剂的效果进行了讨论。     

含B4C中性盐浴渗硼工艺问题的研究

在含Ｂ４Ｃ中性盐浴渗硼的高温反应研究的基础上，对该盐浴存在的工艺问题进行了分析研究。指出了渗硼能力均匀性，工件表面腐蚀斑与玻璃体的关系，分析了老化盐致使工件清洗困难的成因。     

模具盐浴稀土钒硼共渗的组织与性能

研究了Ｃｒ１２Ｍｏｖ．Ｃｒ１２，９ＣｒＳｉ和Ｔ８等钢的盐浴稀土钒硼共渗共艺，渗层组织与性能；讨论了共渗工艺参数、共渗剂成分配比及稀土元素添加量等因素对共渗层的影响。冷作模具的使用寿命经ＲＥ－Ｖ－Ｂ共渗处理后比常规工艺处理的提高３～７倍。     

铝合金钢盐浴硫氮碳在层中合金元素的分布及组织特征

对３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ，４２ＣｒＭｏ和Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２Ａｌ合金钢盐浴硫氮碳共渗层的组织进行了研究表明：３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ和Ｗ６Ｍｏ６Ｃｒ４Ｖ２Ａｌ钢的共渗层中，白亮层和过渡层的交界处有沿一定晶面析出的大量针状氮化物和沿晶界析的网状氧化物，它们导致白亮层中出现１００μｍ左右的裂纹。     

Initial stages of tin electrodeposition from sulfate baths in the presence of gluconate

Tin electrodeposition in its initial stages in acid sulfate/gluconate baths was studied with varying tin and gluconate concentrations using potential-controlled electrochemical techniques. The deposit morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison with tin electrodeposition from acid sulfate baths in the absence of gluconate was also carried out. Use of a highly acidic bath leads to nonuniform deposits, even in the presence of gluconate; at pH 4 deposits are uniform, brilliant and suitable for finishing applications. Tin crystallites have a well defined morphology which depends on bath agitation conditions. In the absence of agitation, the crystallites have the same tetragonal shape as in a sulfate bath without gluconate.