高吸水性聚合物吸液模型及性能测试方法评述

结合高吸水性聚合物平衡吸液模型及吸液动力学公式的分析，介绍和比较说明了各种测试高吸水性聚合物平衡吸液能力方法（如茶袋法，需湿法，比色分析法）等，及吸液动力学研究方法（如粘度法，漩涡观察法），并提出相关建议。     

Water absorbency of poly(sodium acrylate) superabsorbents crosslinked with modified poly(ethylene glycol)s

A series of novel crosslinkers, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) with different molecular weights, were prepared, consisting of acryloyl end groups and the PEG backbones. The corresponding poly(sodium acrylate) superabsorbents of 60 mol % neutralization degree were synthesized by using ammonium persulfate and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as redox initiators in aqueous solution. PEGDA was characterized by FTIR and ¹H‐NMR. The maximum of water absorbency (Q) of superabsorbents occurred at a specific mole fraction of crosslinker; Q‐values increased with increasing molecular weight of PEGDA at the same mole fraction, whereas the water absorption rate was the opposite, in which Q‐values decreased gradually with time (>24 h). Compared with superabsorbents containing methylene bisacrylamide crosslinker with PEGDA, the Q‐value of the former was significantly less than that of the latter, although levels of the residual monomer and the soluble polymer were opposite. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1851–1856, 2003     

牛皮纸制备高吸水树脂及结构表征

将牛皮纸进行碱处理,制成微晶纤维素,与淀粉、丙烯酸钠通过反相悬浮聚合法接枝成高吸水树脂。正交实验表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度55℃,反应时间3h,丙烯酸中和度75%,交联剂、引发剂、淀粉及纤维素用量分别为单体质量的0.6%,0.5%,10%,10%,对最佳条件下制备的树脂进行吸水倍率测试,并用透反显微镜清晰观察到树脂吸水后的网络结构。结果表明,该吸水树脂具有良好的吸水性能,吸蒸馏率达727.8g/g,吸盐水率达70.8g/g。     

Design and synthesis of superabsorbent polymers

A series of novel copolymer superabsorbents based on the monomers acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, sodium acrylate (SA), and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were prepared by copolymerization using ammonium persulfate as an initiator and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The experimental results of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) show that the absorbency in water and NaCl solutions is maximum for AM, SA, HEMA and AM, AA, SA combinations. The copolymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The water retention of soil was also enhanced using the above superabsorbents. Use of SAPs for the growth of the croton plant was also investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2635–2639, 2001     

合成高吸水聚合物的进展

综述了淀粉系、纤维素及丙烯酸系高吸水聚合物的合成发展并简述了其发展趋势。     

Synthesis and Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbents Cross-Linked with N-Maleyl Chitosan

A kind of superabsorbent based on the monomers maleic anhydride (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) was prepared by solution polymerization using ammonium peroxodisulfate (AP) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) as initiator, and N-maleyl chitosan (N-MACH) as cross-linker. Effects of process parameters such as the amount of cross-linker, mass ratio of MA to AA, and neutralization degree of AA on the water absorbency of superabsorbents are discussed. The results indicated the water absorbency of superabsorbents increased and then decreased with the increase of MA content, the amount of the N-MACH cross-linker, and the neutralization degree of AA. Under the optimal conditions, the water absorbency of superabsorbents could reach l560.42 g/g and 83.7 g/g in distilled water and in 0.9% NaCl solution, respectively. In addition, to enhance the water absorbency of superabsorbents in 0.9% NaCl solution, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was introduced as interpenetrating polymer in the network and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was introduced as comonomer. It was proved that PVA and AMPS could effectively improve the water absorbency of superabsorbents both in distilled water and 0.9% NaCl solution.     

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. XIV. Preparation and water absorbency of nanocomposite superabsorbents containing intercalated hydrotalcite

A series of novel xerogels, based on sodium acrylate (NaA), intercalated hydrotalcite (IHT), and N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (NMBA), were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The influences of the HT intercalated with acrylic acid (AA–IHT) and with 2‐acryloylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS–IHT), the content of the IHT in the poly(NaA) gel on the water absorbency, and the initial absorption rate in deionized water and various salt solutions were investigated. Results showed that adding a small amount of IHT could effectively increase the water absorbency of the gels, but adding excess IHT could decrease the water absorbency of the gels. In addition, the water absorbency of the gels containing AA–IHT was lower than that containing AMPS–IHT. The initial absorption rate, for the present gels, increased with increasing content of IHT in the copolymeric gels. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2417–2424, 2004     

Kinetics of adsorption of methylene blue and rhodamine 6G on acrylic acid‐based superabsorbents

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, and acrylamide (AM), crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization. The equilibrium swelling capacities of the SAPs were determined and these decreased with increasing AM content. The adsorption of the two cationic dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine 6G, on the dry as well as equilibrium swollen SAPs was investigated. The amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium per unit weight of the SAPs and the rate constants of adsorption were determined. The amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium by the SAPs decreased with increasing mol % of AM in the SAPs. The amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium was almost equal for the dry and equilibrium swollen SAPs. However, the equilibrium swollen SAPs adsorbed dyes at a higher rate than the dry SAPs. The higher rate of adsorption was attributed to the availability of all the anionic groups present in the fully elongated conformation of the SAPs in the equilibrium swollen state. The effect of initial dye concentration on the adsorption was also investigated and the adsorption was described by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Polyacrylate/(carboxymethylcellulose modified montmorillonite) superabsorbent nanocomposite: Preparation and water absorbency

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analyses showed that the CMC chains had intercalated into the MMT sheets, and the strong chemical interaction between the ether bonds from CMC and Si? O bonds from MMT was the driving force for intercalation. Polyacrylate (PAA)/modified MMT superabsorbent nanocomposites were fabricated by effectively dispersing the modified MMT in acrylic acid solution and polymerizing the acid. The superabsorbent composites were characterized by XRD, TEM, and FTIR. The influence of modified MMT, weight ratio of CMC to MMT, and modified MMT content in the nanocomposites on the water absorbency was investigated. Results showed that the introduction of pure MMT could decrease the water absorbency of the gel, but adding modified MMT could not only effectively increase the water absorbency of the gel, but also improve its water retention ability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

改性羽毛蛋白接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的制备与吸水性能

以改性羽毛蛋白和丙烯酸为主要原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法制备了羽毛蛋白接枝聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂P(MFP-g-AA),并对其吸水性能及其影响因素进行了考察。结果表明:P(MFP-g-AA)吸去离子水倍率达到559.4 g/g,在0.3 MPa的压力下保水率达85%,且比聚丙烯酸树脂(PAA)具有更好的耐盐性能、保水性能和更宽的pH适用范围。与PAA相比,P(MFP-g-AA)在0.9%NaCl溶液和人工尿液中的吸水倍率分别由56.9 g/g和51.8 g/g提高到68.7 g/g和61.3 g/g,并且在pH=7～11的介质中都有优良的吸水效果。