浅淡恶劣环境中可控震源的使用方法

本文着重介绍了可控震源的防寒问题以及在复杂地区作业的施工方法.     

Instron texture profile of buffalo milk cheddar cheese as influenced by composition and ripening changes

Buffalo milk Cheddar cheese samples of different ages were analysed for compositional attributes (CA), ripening indices (RI) and Instron Textural Profile (ITP). All samples were compositionally alike, except for pH and salt-in-moisture (SM) contents. RI showed significant variations. CA and RI showed highly significant correlations within themselves and with each other, except for moisture with pH, SM with moisture, MNFS, Fat and FDM and Fat with MNFS. The ITPs of cheeses showed significant variations and had highly significant intercorrelations indicating their interdependence. CA (except moisture and MNFS) and RI showed a highly significant correlationship with ITPs. Moisture content showed a highly significant correlationship with all ITPs, except cohesiveness and springiness, where it was significant. MNFS content showed significant correlations only with hardness and brittleness. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that MI was the most predominant factor influencing cheese texture, followed by pH, SM, FDM and TVFA. Knowing Ca and RI, the textural properties of cheeses can be forecast through mathematical equations. Similarly the age of cheese can also be predicted if RI and/or textural properties are known.     

A signature protein-based method to distinguish Mediterranean water buffalo and foreign breed milk

A novel genetic variant at the α_s1-casein locus of water buffalo (WB), 8-residue shorter than its wild-type has been found and sequenced. The internal deletion of the peptide E³⁵KVNELsT⁴² was confirmed by the isolation of the junction peptide. The 8-residue deletion mutant has a molecular weight that is 919 Da less than that of the wild-type. The novel isoform with a unique f35-42 deletion could be the result of the skipping of exon 6, generating an exon 6-deleted variant of α_s1-casein. The wild-type and its shortened α_s1-casein forms were found to co-exist in many individual milk samples. In contrast, the 8-residue, internally deleted α_s1-casein variant did not occur in water buffaloes of the Mediterranean breed reared in Italy. Wild-type α_s1-casein has 6 to 8 phosphate groups (P) while the internally deleted form 6 and 7P per molecule.     

基于FWO法与CR法的中蒙边境森林草原交错区沟塘草甸羊草热解动力学分析

以内蒙古自治区阿尔山市内沟塘草甸为研究区域,选取典型草本羊草为研究对象,运用热重分析法以通氧速率10、20、30 mL/min,在升温速率分别为40、80 ℃/min的条件下进行热失重行为研究。使用TG-DTG曲线分析样品的热解过程,利用Coats-Redfern（CR）积分法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）积分法对样品的快速热解阶段进行动力学分析,得出在不同氧气浓度下样品的热解活化能和指前因子并求得相应参数。结果表明羊草热解过程分为：失水阶段、快速热解阶段、炭化阶段。其中快速热解阶段为350～450 ℃,此阶段中升温速率越快,温度滞后现象越明显;通氧速率越快,温度超前现象越明显。热解过程及动力学参数分析表明,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法更适用于羊草热解过程,引发火灾危险程度的通氧速率为：30 mL/min＞20 mL/min＞10 mL/min。     

厚煤层成因机制——天文周期控制的多期次泥炭沼泽叠加模式

蕴含丰富地质信息的厚煤层是重要的地质碳库及地质信息库,我国是煤炭资源大国,华北、西北、东北、华南等聚煤区都发育有厚煤层.传统煤田地质学认为,厚煤层是泥炭沼泽潜水面上升速度与植物遗体聚集速度长期处于均衡补偿状态下的连续聚集产物.但现今发育的泥炭沼泽单层最大厚度仅为20 m,考虑泥炭到烟煤成煤过程受到高达约6:1的压实比例...     

Fibrolytic potential of anaerobic fungi (Piromyces sp.) isolated from wild cattle and blue bulls in pure culture and effect of their addition on in vitro fermentation of wheat straw and methane emission by rumen fluid of buffaloes

BACKGROUND: Ten isolates of anaerobic fungi of Piromyces genus from wild cattle and blue bulls (five isolates from each host species) were evaluated for their fibrolytic ability in pure culture, their suitability for use as a microbial additive in buffaloes and their effect on methane emission. RESULTS: In pure culture, only two out of five isolates from wild cattle degraded wheat straw efficiently, whereas all five isolates from wild blue bulls did. Isolate CF1 (from cattle) showed the highest apparent digestibility (53.4%), true digestibility (70.8%) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (75.0%) of wheat straw after 5 days of incubation. When added to buffalo rumen fluid, all five isolates from cattle increased (P < 0.05) in vitro apparent digestibility of wheat straw compared with the control (received autoclaved culture), but all five isolates from blue bulls failed to influence in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. Isolate CF1 showed the highest stimulating effect on straw digestion by buffalo rumen fluid microbes and increased apparent digestibility (51.9 vs 29.4%, P < 0.05), true digestibility (57.9 vs 36.5%, P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (51.5 vs 26.9%, P < 0.05) of wheat straw compared with the control after 24 h of fermentation. There were also significant increases in fungal count and enzyme activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase in the CF1‐added group compared with the control group. Gas and methane production g^?1 truly digested dry matter of straw were comparable among all groups including the control. CONCLUSION: Wild cattle and blue bulls harbour some anaerobic fungal strains with strong capability to hydrolyse fibre. The fungal isolate CF1 has high potential for use as a microbial feed additive in buffaloes to improve digestibility of fibrous feeds without increasing methane emission per unit of digested feed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

关于东北泥炭沼泽区发展威士忌酒酿造业的可行性讨论

在我国东北地区,泥炭资源丰富,泥炭沼泽区地下水矿化度低,一般30～200毫克/升,水质软,一般小于2-6德国度。在东北广大地区农业生产发达,三江平原为我国重要商品粮基地之一。这为威士忌(Wisky)酒酿造提供了丰富资源。     

水牛内底革植鞣工艺的改进

通过对传统植鞣水牛内底革生产工艺的改进,使生产周期从20d缩短为8-10d,栲胶用量降低10%-15%,减轻了职工的劳动强度,减少了废液的排放.     

Four general principles for the management and conservation of wetlands in large lakes: The role of water levels,nutrients, competitive hierarchies and centrifugal organization

The most important factor in shoreline wetlands is variation in water depth. Superimposed upon this are gradients of soil fertility, ranging from sandy, open shorelines to sheltered, fertile bays. The use of both transplant and pot experiments shows that competitive hierarchies rapidly arise in wetland vegetation and that species are sorted along exposure and depth gradients according to their relative competitive abilities. These patterns can be summarized in the centrifugal organization model, in which competitive dominants occupy preferred core habitats and where different species and vegetation types are then arrayed outward along different constraint gradients ( Wisheu & Keddy 1992 ). Knowledge of these general patterns provides an essential tool for managing lakes and reservoirs in order to maintain and enhance biological diversity.