颗粒状冷水可溶木薯淀粉的制备及性质研究

以木薯淀粉为原料，研究了常压下颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉的制备方法和性质特征。试验表明，醇解法所得的颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉的溶解度可以达到98．1％。反应的最佳条件为相对加入碱量为28mL，乙醇浓度为80％，淀粉乳浓度为14％，反应温度为35℃，反应时间为50min，对应的最佳颗粒冷水可溶木薯淀粉的冷水溶解度为95．3％（60g木薯淀粉）。经醇解法处理后所得到的不同冷水溶解度的颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉样品，颗粒保持完整，但其表面不再光滑，呈现出凹陷、空隙和裂缝等特征；随着冷水溶解度的提高，淀粉样品的偏光十字呈现逐渐减少的趋势，且结晶性逐渐降低直至完全消失。     

Moisture profiles of wheat noodles containing hydroxypropylated tapioca starch

Wheat noodles were prepared using flour to which hydroxypropylated tapioca starch was added, and the effect of this addition on the moisture distribution within the noodles during cooking was examined using a digital image processing technique. The addition of the modified starch slightly increased the moisture content and narrowed the flat distribution near the noodle surface. The distribution features reflected the changes in the water absorption behaviour caused by the properties of the modified starch and the reduction in the gluten content. Addition of the modified starch lowered Young's modulus and the energy for 99% strain of the noodles in the texture analysis to, at maximum 35% and 65%, and decreased the breakability of the noodles. These changes in the moisture distribution and textural properties have been ascribed to changes in both the state of the starch granules near the surface and the structure of the gluten network.     

采用红外光谱鉴别天然胶乳掺假的分析与处理

在天然胶乳中按不同比例掺入木薯粉或面粉,制备掺假天然胶乳,采用傅里叶转换红外光谱进行表征和分析。 结果表明：在天然胶乳中掺入木薯粉或面粉,红外光谱在3 500～4 000 cm-1波段出现指纹区,掺入量越高,指纹区的波动幅度越大;在木薯粉或面粉的特征谱带,随着掺入量的增大,吸收强度增强。     

微波辐射对木薯淀粉结构的影响

考察了不同含水量的木薯淀粉经不同形式（敞口和封口形式）微波辐射的温度变化曲线及其多层次结构.结果表明：无论以那种形式辐射,木薯淀粉样品含水量越低,样品温度升高幅度越大,且都会出现等温转换,含水量越高等温转换时间越长,敞口辐射较封口辐射的等温转换更显著; FTIR结果显示,微波辐射不破坏木薯淀粉分子的化学键,没有新的化合物产生,红外结晶指数略有降低;偏光显微镜和光学显微镜的结果显示,木薯淀粉的结晶结构有所变化,而其形态结构没有变化.这些结果表明,经微波加工的木薯淀粉食品对人或其他生物是安全的.     

三氯氧磷交联木薯淀粉的研究

研究了用POCl2交联瓜薯淀粉的性质。结果表明,反应条件对产物交联度有不同程度的影响,其中用量和温度的影响最大。木薯原淀粉在碱性条件下,用POCl2处理,主要产品为淀粉磷酸二酯。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚改进湿法制备羟丙基木薯淀粉

以木薯淀粉为原料,以l,2-环丙烷为醚化剂,用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚为改进剂湿法常温制备木薯淀粉。探讨了各反应因素对产品取代度的影响,用正交试验确定了最佳制取条件。     

海藻酸钠对木薯淀粉衍生物糊性质的影响

采用Brabender黏度计和哈克流变仪研究了海藻酸钠对木薯阴离子和木薯阳离子淀粉糊性质的影响。Brabender结果表明:海藻酸钠提高了木薯阳离子淀粉的起始糊化温度,显著增加了峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值;加入海藻酸钠后,木薯阴离子淀粉呈现出不同的变化趋势,起始糊化温度降低,崩解值和回生值变化不大。在冻融稳定性方面,海藻酸钠降低了木薯阴离子淀粉的析水率,但却使木薯阳离子淀粉的析水率升高。流变学特性结果表明:所有淀粉及淀粉-海藻酸钠体系淀粉糊均为假塑性流体、弱凝胶,且加入海藻酸钠后,淀粉糊假塑性增强,淀粉凝胶的tanδ均增大,凝胶向趋于流体的方向发展。     

木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸系列高吸水性树脂的制备

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，制备了木薯淀粉和丙烯酸的接枝共聚物高吸水性树脂，考察了有关聚合条件对高吸水性树脂性能的影响。结果表明，在反应温度55～60℃、单体中和度78％、引发剂浓度12mmol／L聚合条件下，该树脂吸水量达980mL／g以上。     

Effect of epoxy functionalized compatibilizer on the mechanical properties of low‐density polyethylene/plasticized tapioca starch blends

A series of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) blends with varying proportions of plasticized tapioca starch have been used for the study of their mechanical properties. A functionalized epoxy resin, namely, poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) has been used as the compatibilizer. The impact and tensile properties have been measured by standard ASTM methods. The mechanical properties are seen to improve significantly with the addition of the epoxy compatibilizer, approaching values close to those of virgin LDPE. The scanning electron micrographs of the compatibilized blends show ductile failure which evidently contribute to improved mechanical properties. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of cassava varieties on the sorption isotherm of tapioca grits

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranzt) deteriorates rapidly. Hence it is processed into various products within 2 to 3 days after harvesting. For this work, tapioca was produced from three different varieties of cassava. They are Odongbo, Okoiyawo and TMS30572. The sorption isotherm for the tapioca grits from three different varieties of cassava at temperatures 25, 32 and 45 °C were determined experimentally and modelled using five different models. Using analysis of variance at 0.01 level, it was shown that the experimental sorption isotherms of the tapioca from the various cassava varieties are not significantly different from each other. However, the Guggenheim (1966) , Anderson (1946) & de Boer (1953) (GAB) model gave the best fit for sorption isotherm of tapioca from either the Odongbo or Okoiyawo varieties, while the exponential model was the best for that from TMS30572 variety.