3种杀虫剂不同剂型对葡萄蓟马的室内生物活性及田间防效

[目的]为明确避雨栽培葡萄上3种常用杀虫剂及不同剂型对葡萄蓟马的室内生物活性和葡萄不同生长期的田间防治效果。[方法]试验采用浸液饲喂法测定了葡萄蓟马的室内种群活性,并进行田间防效试验。[结果]3种杀虫剂对葡萄蓟马的室内生物活性啶虫脒和阿维菌素较高,吡虫啉相对较低,依次为啶虫脒EC>啶虫脒WG>阿维菌素EC>吡虫啉EC>吡虫啉WG;田间防效试验发现,在葡萄的花前期和浆果生长期啶虫脒施药后1 d的防效均在60%以上,施药后7 d啶虫脒和阿维菌素的防效均在80%~95%,而吡虫啉的防效在不同时期施用均低于80%;不同剂型间,乳油表现出相对较好的防治效果。[结论]阿维菌素和啶虫脒可推荐为避雨栽培葡萄上防治蓟马的首选药剂,2者属于不同类型杀虫剂,适宜交替使用,能降低蓟马对杀虫剂快速产生抗性的风险,应该在葡萄花期前对蓟马进行防除,防止其数量暴发。     

The role of primary and secondary metabolites in chrysanthemum resistance toFrankliniella occidentalis

The presence of deleterious secondary metabolites to western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) in several chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) cultivars was tested. WFT performance on leaf sap mixed with artificial diet was compared to WFT performance on a control of artificial diet mixed with water. Leaf sap of six of 10 chrysanthemum cultivars tested had a significant negative effect on WFT performance and therefore contained deleterious secondary metabolites. Leaf sap of a resistant and a susceptible chrysanthemum cultivar were fractionated by gel to study the role of secondary metabolites in greater detail. None of the 20 individual fractions obtained had a negative effect on WFT performance, whereas after mixing of these fractions activity was found again. Moreover, WFT performance on the fraction mixture of the resistant cultivar was significantly lower than on the susceptible fraction mixture. The results suggest that WFT resistance in the cultivars studied was caused by several secondary metabolites that had an additional or synergistic negative effect on WFT performance. The role of a deficiency of primary metabolites in WFT resistance of chrysanthemum was also investigated. WFT performance on leaf sap with and without extra primary metabolites (artificial diet) was compared. The variance in WFT performance was significantly smaller when extra primary metabolites were added; WFT performance on leaf sap with and without extra primary metabolites was not correlated. The results suggest that resistance was partly caused by a deficiency of primary metabolites.     

米尔贝霉素防治紫花苜蓿螨及蓟马

紫花苜蓿是全球分布很广的优质豆科牧草。其具有产量高、营养价值高和适13性好等诸多优点,因而被认为是最好的牧草之一。螨类和蓟马等害虫对紫花苜蓿危害大,造成产量和质量下降。而紫花苜蓿多用于奶牛等养殖,这就需要用安全、低残留农药来防治危害紫花苜蓿的害虫。介绍了国外用安全、高效微生物农药米尔贝霉素防治紫花苜蓿螨、蓟马的情况及对其产量和质量的影响,为我国应用米尔贝霉素防治紫花苜蓿螨虫提供参考。     

上海鲜花港睡莲花期蓟马的防治药剂筛选

报道了6种杀虫剂对睡莲花期蓟马的防治效果,其中以甲氨基阿维菌素效果最高,可达97．63％,其次是阿维菌素、啶虫脒、印楝素、吡虫啉和多杀菌素,药后24h的防效可高达68．81％～97.63％。试验药剂对睡莲生长安全,对环境友好,可以直接用于大面积睡莲花期的蓟马防治。     

Identification of a Male-produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Western Flower Thrips <Emphasis Type="Italic">Frankliniella occidentalis</Emphasis>

Two major components have been detected in the headspace volatiles of adult male Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult females. The compounds were identified as (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate by comparison with synthetic standards using gas chromatography (GC), GC–mass spectrometry (MS), and chiral GC. Field trials were conducted with synthetic compounds in naturally infested crops of sweet pepper grown in large plastic greenhouses in Spain. The catch of adult females and males on blue sticky traps was increased by neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate alone or by a 1:1 blend of (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, but (R)-lavandulyl acetate was not active alone. This is the first identification of an aggregation pheromone in the order Thysanoptera. The possible role of (R)-lavandulyl acetate is discussed.     

吡虫啉防治水稻秧田蓟马的初步研究

每１００公斤水稻干种拌７Ｏ％吡虫啉１００、２００、３００克三个处理对稻蓟马的防效分别是９８．１％、９７．６％、９８．６％，其持效期都在３０天以上，可使稻苗在整个秧田期免遭稻蓟马危害。每亩用４克吡虫啉喷雾，药后１、３、７天防效分别达９０．６％、８７．８％、８８．３％，且对水稻安全，可作为防治稻蓟马新药剂。     

Chemical Analysis and Comparison of Acid Components of Anal Secretions of Idolothripine Thrips

Anal secretions of 17 species in nine genera of the subfamily Idolothripinae were analzyed by TLC, GC, and GC-MS. From all species, juglone and two or more carboxylic acids with carbon numbers ranging from 10 to 14 were detected; the exception was Gastrothrips sp., from which none was detected. Twelve carboxylic acids were found, of which decanoic acid, (E)-4-decenoic acid, and (Z)-5-tetradecenoic acid were widely found, and acid ingredients were fairly species-specific. The Gastrothrips sp. was the only exception, and it had no secretion components among the tubuliferan species so far analyzed. Juglone is thought to be a potent defensive allomone, and roles of the carboxylic acids are discussed.     

5种杀虫剂对甘蔗蓟马的田间防治效果

为筛选高效低毒并对甘蔗安全的防治甘蔗蓟马药剂,本文开展了10％氯噻啉WP、20％呋虫胺SC、50％氟啶虫胺腈WG、50％吡蚜酮WG、5％啶虫脒EC对甘蔗蓟马的田间防治效果试验,并用已登记防治甘蔗蓟的300 g/L氯虫·噻虫嗪SC药剂作为对照分析试验结果.结果表明,供试的5种农药均对甘蔗蓟马有较好的防治效果且对甘蔗安全....     

Methyl Anthranilate as an Attractant for Two Thrips Species and the Thrips Parasitoid Ceranisus menes

The role of floral scents in host location by flower-dwelling thrips and a thrips parasitoid was investigated by experiment in the field. The scent of methyl anthranilate significantly increased the catches of Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips coloratus, and Ceranisus menes, but had no effect on Thrips tabaci. Anisaldehyde increased the catches of T. hawaiiensis and T. tabaci, but had no such effect on T. coloratus and C. menes. Geraniol increased the catches of T. hawaiiensis, but not of T. coloratus, T. tabaci, or C. menes. Seasonal fluctuations of T. hawaiiensis, T. coloratus, and C. menes can be recorded by using methyl anthranilate as a lure for monitoring.     

Effect of some floral scents on host finding by thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera)

The role of floral scents in host location by flower-dwelling thrips is investigated by experiment in the field. The scent of anisaldehyde significantly increased the catches of seven species of flower-dwelling thripid, but had no significant effect on three species of cereal thripid and one species of flower-dwelling aeolothripid. The catches of white (without UV) traps were increased by a factor of 3.3 to 8.3 in the presence of the scent.