The influence of simulation time-resolution on the matching between on-site micro-wind generation and building electric demand

This paper is to investigate the unique impact of simulation time-resolutions on energy matching between on-site micro-wind turbine and household electric demand. The focused indices are on-site electrical energy fraction (OEFe), on-site electrical energy matching (OEMe), and their errors (e_OEF and e_OEM). The methodology consists of parametric analyses with respect to time-resolution levels, averaging methods, demand profiles, turbine capacities, and wind conditions. Two averaging methods are used: ‘Speed Averaging’ and ‘Power Averaging’. With a coarser resolution, two averaging effects have been found. One is an overestimation effect by both the averaging methods, which are more likely to be encountered especially when a high-resolution generation curve frequently crosses intermittent long spikes of a demand curve. The other effect is an underestimation effect on OEFe simultaneously occurring with the Speed Averaging Method under the conditions of (1) a low wind speed and (2) a high unstable wind speed and a low turbine capacity.     

HT-7超导托卡马克上时间分辨中子注量率测量

本文介绍了HT 7超导托卡马克上的时间分辨中子注量率测量系统。在高参数放电状态下,计算得到中子产额在108 s-1量级,在靠近装置边上的中子注量率处于 102 cm-2 ·s-1 量级,因此,选择 BF3正比计数管作为探测器。经过多次实验,测量系统运行稳定可靠,测量得到的中子注量率和估算得到的中子注量率在误差范围内一致。     

Time-resolved confocal analysis of antibody penetration into living,solid tumor spheroids

The in vivo function of a biologically active molecule is governed in part by the dynamics of its distribution within its target tissue. To enhance our ability to probe living cells, we have endeavored to improve live confocal microscopy methods and to develop analytical methods that simplify the handling of the resulting complex data sets. To do this we attached a recently developed micro-incubation system to the stage of a Leica confocal laser scanning microscope and were able to maintain physiologic culture conditions over several hours. Axial stability was achieved by modifying the room air conditioning. Laser illumination was low enough to retain cell viability through several hours of continuous scanning. With this setup, planar, time-resolved data sets (xyt) were produced by continuously rescanning a single xy plane at the rate of one scan/min. As an alternative, volumetric data sets (xyz) were acquired by stepping the scanned plane through the z axis. In both types of data sets, a semi-quantitative determination of the concentration of a fluorescent reporter molecule (e.g., FITC) over a gray level range of 0--255 was recorded along with the positional information. Thus, concentration (as intensity of fluorescence, or i) gave a fourth variable by either scan method, resulting in high-density xyti or xyzi data sets. The biological model we used to examine these methods was the penetration of a FITC-labeled, anti-carcinoma monoclonal antibody into cultured spheroids of tumor cells bearing the antibody-binding epitope. In one case, the distribution of antibody-FITC conjugate was compared with that of a long wavelength membrane dye. DiIC₁₈(5). Several different software analyses were compared, including examining xyt data sets as “volumes.” We observed that by increasing the displayed resolution of one variable, the demonstrable resolution of the other variables was reduced. For example, with high temporal resolution, either quantitative or positional resolution had to be sacrificed. Thus, we needed to perform several different analyses of a single data set to compare all of the variables properly. In these experiments, the dynamic aspects of the changes in antibody-FITC distribution were examined. Along with comparison of antibody-FITC penetration with that of DiI, these data suggest an as yet unexplained biological transport of antibody into a tumor spheroid, which is not consistent with mere passive diffusion through the fluid of extracellular clefts. Using this model system, we have performed and analyzed highly time-resolved confocal microscopy on living specimens maintained under physiologic conditions.     

S+Au增感对AgBrI T-颗粒乳剂中光电子衰减行为的影响

利用35ps脉冲激光发源,采用微波吸收介电谱检测技术,获得了S+Au增感后的AgBrI-T颗粒微晶中光电子衰减时间分辨谱,通过分析自由光电子和浅束缚光电子衰减曲线的变化,得到了S+Au增感的不同时间与AgBrI-T颗粒乳剂自由光电子寿命和衰减时间及浅束缚光电子衰减时间的对应关系,给出最佳增感时间。     

Combining XRD and EXAFS with on-Line Catalytic Studies for in situ Characterization of Catalysts

Advances in the study of catalysts by in situ structural characterization, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), have recently been achieved and they are illustrated by reference to several examples. Emphasis in the present overview is laid on the study of catalysts under realistic working conditions and therefore in particular on-line gas analysis during activation and/or during catalysis. The examples encompass (a) activation of copper-based methanol catalysts, (b) dynamic changes of copper-based catalysts during methanol synthesis conditions, (c) catalytic partial oxidation on Rh/Al₂O₃ catalysts, and (d) reduction (activation) of copper-promoted high temperature shift catalysts.