Screening,Molecular Cloning,and Biochemical Characterization of an Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Pichia pastoris Useful for the Kinetic Resolution of a Racemic β‐Hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethyl Ketone

The stereoselective synthesis of chiral 1,3‐diols with the aid of biocatalysts is an attractive tool in organic chemistry. Besides the reduction of diketones, an alternative approach consists of the stereoselective reduction of β‐hydroxy ketones (aldols). Thus, we screened for an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) that would selectively reduce a β‐hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethyl ketone. One potential starting material for this process is readily available by aldol addition of acetone to 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenone. Over 200 strains were screened, and only a few yeast strains showed stereoselective reduction activities. The enzyme responsible for the reduction of the β‐hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethyl ketone was identified after purification and subsequent MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometric analysis. As a result, a new NADP⁺‐dependent ADH from Pichia pastoris (PPADH) was identified and confirmed to be capable of stereospecific and diastereoselective reduction of the β‐hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethyl ketone to its corresponding 1,3‐diol. The gene encoding PPADH was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). To determine the influence of an N‐ or C‐terminal His‐tag fusion, three different recombinant plasmids were constructed. Interestingly, the variant with the N‐terminal His‐tag showed the highest activity; consequently, this variant was purified and characterized. Kinetic parameters and the dependency of activity on pH and temperature were determined. PPADH shows a substrate preference for the reduction of linear and branched aliphatic aldehydes. Surprisingly, the enzyme shows no comparable activity towards ketones other than the β‐hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethyl ketone.     

Mg/Al水滑石催化合成聚碳酸酯二醇的研究

制备了Mg-Al水滑石,并将其进行了焙烧和再水合的处理,运用XRD,IR和BET对3种催化剂进行了表征,并对其应用于催化合成聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)的反应进行了研究.     

Characterization of four diol dehydrogenases for enantioselective synthesis of chiral vicinal diols

Enantiopure vicinal diols are important building blocks used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds. Diol dehydrogenase(DDH) mediated stereoselective oxidation of racemic vicinal is an efficient way to prepare enantiopure vicinal diols. In this study, four new bacterial DDHs(AnDDH from Anoxybacillus sp. P3 H1 B, HcDDH from Hazenella coriacea, GzDDH from Geobacillus zalihae and LwDDH from Leptotrichia wadei) were mined from the GenBank database and expressed in E. coli T7...     

快速检测痕量镉的光电型传感器的建立

利用1-4-(硝基苯)-3-(3-甲基吡啶)三氮烯与镉络合显色的原理,将1-4-(硝基苯)-3-(3-甲基吡啶)三氮烯固定化制成试纸条,插入自制的便携式单色光反射计,组装出检测镉的光电型传感器。结果表明:当镉浓度范围为0.0179～0.2857mmol/L时,光反射率与镉浓度呈现良好的线性关系。优化检测条件后,该方法的检出限为0.00348mmol/L,检测时间为2min。此种方法检测镉所需时间短、操作简便,有望实现镉的现场检测。     

生物质催化转化制备戊二醇和己二醇

高级二元醇是重要的化工中间体，其中1，5-戊二醇和1，6-己二醇是具有高附加值的精细化工产品，广泛应用于增塑剂、高级油墨、化妆品、医药、光固化（UV）涂料等领域。该文综述了生物质基1，5-戊二醇和1，6-己二醇制备技术的研究现状，与石油基路径相比，生物质基路径具有原料可再生、资源丰富、转化路线短（2-~3步转化）、产物选择性高（大于90%）及水相反应体系绿色无污染等优点，但还存在铂、铑、铼、铱等贵金属催化剂昂贵、转化率偏低和碳氧键断裂机理研究不足等问题。进一步开发非贵金属替代贵金属催化剂和提高贵金属利用率、新的高效制备路径和明晰碳氧键选择性断裂机理具有非常重要的意义。     

Synthesis of hybrid nanocomposites based on new triazeno copolymers and montmorillonite used for detecting metal ions

The modern synthesis of novel functional materials with improved properties includes that of hybrid nanocomposites composed of inorganic nanoparticles and organic derivatives, where controlling the molecular structure at atomic and macroscopic dimensions is a key factor, with a major effect on performance. An extension of this approach to the field of nanocomposites containing photopolymers with triazene groups attached on a methacrylic backbone could be of great interest in the future development of chemosensors and photoresists, among others. Photopolymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared by in situ free radical copolymerization of 1‐(phenyl)‐3‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethylcarbamoyloxyethyl)‐3‐methyltriazene‐1 or 1‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethylcarbamoyloxyethyl)‐3‐methyltriazene‐1 and vinyl acetate or styrene in solution and in the presence of 3 and 5 wt% of organically modified montmorillonite. The characterization of the nanocomposites and pure copolymers was achieved through ¹H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence analysis. The morphologies and properties of the nanocomposites are dependent on the nature of the triazene, on the co‐monomer structure and on the organoclay content. Also, the fluorescence response of these nanocomposites towards certain metal ions (Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺) in dimethylformamide solution was investigated. The effect of uranyl ions on the fluorescence intensity of the nanocomposites in solution or as films could be exploited in the development of ‘turn‐off’ or ‘turn‐on’ chemosensors for this type of analyte. Triazeno copolymer/organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites with exfoliated (not completely exfoliated) or exfoliated and intercalated structures exhibit distinct characteristics concerning their fluorescence behaviour, a higher sensing ability towards certain target compounds (Fe³⁺, UO₂²⁺) being evidenced for those incorporating 3 wt% organoclay in solution and as films. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

不对称邻二醇的合成及其在有机合成中的应用

综述了对称邻二醇的合成和选择性转换，以及它在立体控制催化剂和天然产物不对称合成等方面的应用。     

杂环三氮烯类试剂的合成及其应用

综述了近年来报道的杂环三氮烯类试剂的合成及应用情况。介绍了部分新试剂在光度分析中的应用实例，初步探讨了试剂的灵敏度和取代基之间的相互影响以及杂环三氮烯类试剂今后的合成方向。     

A novel route to α,ω-telechelic poly(-caprolactone) diols, precursors of biodegradable polyurethanes, using catalysis by decamolybdate anion

A new convenient route for the synthesis of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) with α,ω-telechelic diols' end-groups is presented. Synthesis of α,ω-telechelic PCL diols (HOPCLOH) was achieved by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of -caprolactone (CL) catalyzed with ammonium decamolybdate (NH₄)₈[Mo₁₀O₃₄] and using diethylene glycol (DEG) as initiator. Obtained HOPCLOH was characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, GPC and MALDI-TOF. Comparative studies demonstrate that ammonium decamolybdate (NH₄)₈[Mo₁₀O₃₄] is better catalyst than Sn-octanoate (SnOct₂) toward CL polymerization in presence of DEG, under the conditions tested. A biodegradable poly(ester-urethane-urea) derivative was efficiently prepared from synthesized HOPCLOH. Obtained polymer shows minor differences with respect to the properties recorded for a poly(ester-urethane-urea) obtained from commercial HOPCLOH.