Development and simulation studies of an unsteady state biofilter model for the treatment of cyclic air emissions of an α‐pinene gas stream

This paper describes the development and simulation of an unsteady state biofilter model used to predict dynamic behaviour of cyclically‐operated biofilters and compares it with experimental results obtained from three, parallel, bench‐scale biofilters treating both periodically fluctuating concentrations and constant concentrations of an α‐pinene‐laden gas stream. The dynamic model, using kinetic parameters estimated from the constant concentration biofilter, was able to predict the performance of cyclic biofilters operating at short cycle periods (ie, in the order of minutes and hours). Steady state kinetic data from a constant concentration biofilter can be used to predict unsteady state biofilter operation. At a 24 h cycle period, the dynamic model compared well with experimental results. For long cycle periods (ie, hours and days), removal efficiency decreased after periods of non‐loading: the longer the period of non‐loading, the poorer the biofilter's performance at the re‐commencement of pollutant loading. At longer time scales the model did not effectively predict transient behaviour, as adsorption and changes in kinetic parameters were not accounted for. Modelling results showed that similar biofiltration performance for the cyclic and constant concentration biofiltration of α‐pinene is expected for biofilters operating solely in the first order kinetics regime. Poorer performance for cyclic biofilters following Monod kinetics spanning the entire kinetics range is expected as the cycle amplitude increases. The most important parameters affecting the performance of a cyclically‐operated biofilter with short cycle periods are: amplitude of cyclic fluctuations, C_{g, max}/C_g, relative value of the half‐saturation constant in the Monod expression, K_s, and effective diffusivity of α‐pinene in the biofilm, D_e. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Significance of fluid regime in biological filtration

A dispersed flow model previously developed to study substrate utilization in unsaturated media was experimentally verified and its practical application was considered. For this purpose, measurements were made using tap water and a synthetic feed solution. The importance of the change in fluid regime as regards to the simultaneous transport and reaction within biological filters were demonstrated. The effect of drop formation and the breakage of liquid jets inside the filters on substrate utilization was also shown.     

斜板沉降器的设计

简要叙述了流离倾斜斜板的层膜上的单个液滴的基本聚结原理。着重介绍重力沉降器的设计方法，并指出在设计过程中可能出现的错误。     

生物滤料滤池处理姚江微污染水源水

通过中试试验,考察了不同滤料介质的生物滤池对于姚江微污染水源水的处理效果。结果表明,双层生物滤料滤池能够有效地去除有机物、氨氮等污染物质,可以延长滤池反冲洗周期,并能在短时间内恢复到正常处理能力,适合于传统滤池的改造。采用颗粒活性炭-石英砂滤料滤池的综合处理效果优于同类型的颗粒活性炭-沸石滤料滤池,通过加入少量臭氧(0.8～1.0mg/L)可以提高生物滤池的去除效果。     

污泥臭氧减量对淹没式生物膜工艺运行效能的影响

针对淹没生物膜法(SBF)和污泥臭氧化各自在污泥减量方面的优点,提出了化学臭氧化和复合生物膜法相结合的污泥减量工艺,并对臭氧化对SBF运行效能的影响进行了实验研究。通过2个并行的SBF系统污泥臭氧化结果进行对比,结果显示臭氧化能够显著降低系统的污泥产率(0.043 kg/kg,较不加臭氧化的SBF系统下降了76%),同时不对硝化和有机物的去除作用产生明显的影响,系统出水水质良好。     

混凝滤布过滤-缺氧滤池／生物滴滤工艺处理生活污水

为实现小城镇污水高效、节能、低耗处理,建立混凝滤布过滤-缺氧滤池／生物滴滤污水处理组合工艺．在优选实验装置及材料的基础上,探究各部分工艺最优运行参数. 在研究系统对常规污染物去除的同时,重点分析生物滤池启动过程对氨氮和总氮的去除能力．结果表明:当粉煤灰基混凝剂投加量为1 mL／L时,混凝-滤布过滤对COD_cr的去除率可达54％,对TP的去除率达81％,且具有工作周期长、耗能少等特点;生物滤池在水力负荷为15 L／d、硝化液回流比为150％时运行效果最好,可保证系统出水氨氮、COD_cr、TP、TN均达到GB18918—2002的一级A标准．     

自然通风冷却塔的节能改造

系统地阐述了冷却塔塑料塔芯材料的结构及特点 ,介绍了 6座自然通风冷却塔节能改造工程的应用实例 ,并对其进行了经济性比较及节能分析。改造后的冷却塔冷却能力明显提高 ,可降低机组煤耗( 2～ 4 ) g/ (kW·h)     

生物滤池去除污水处理厂臭气的应用研究

研制了一套生物过滤系统,用于处理污水处理厂生化水解池所排放的臭气。以某污水处理厂的生物滤池为研究对象,经过调试使用后,在进口段气体中H2S、NH3的质量浓度分别小于7.0、90.0 mg/m3时,其去除率分别达到90%和99%左右。并通过试验分析了运行时间、进气浓度、填料含水率、温度对除臭效率的影响。     

不同中水回用模式的技术经济分析

根据国内外中水回用的工程实践，总结了目前城市中水回用的典型处理工艺、回用途径，提出了城市中水回用的7种模式，从技术经济角度分别对这几种模式进行了分析，提出了适合我国国情的城市中水回用模式，展望了我国中水回用的发展趋势。