Supercritical fluid extraction of fungal oil using CO2, N2O,CHF3 and SF6

The extraction of oil from fungi (Mortierella ramanniana var.angulispora) was studied using carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), trifluoromethane (CHF₃) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) under supercritical conditions. The oil solubility was highest in SC-N₂O followed by SC-CO₂, while both SC-CHF₃ and SC-SF₆ showed poorer solvent power. The recorded oil solubilities at 333 K and 24.5 MPa were 2.3 wt% in N₂O, 0.48 wt% in CO₂, 0.0099 wt% in CHF₃ and 0.0012 wt% in SF₆. The oil solubilities in SC-N₂O and SC-CO₂ were measured over the pressure range 15.7–29.4 MPa and at temperatures ranging from 313–353 K. N₂O always showed greater solvent power than did CO₂ at the same temperature and pressure. The solvent power of a supercritical fluid increases with density at a given temperature, and increases with temperature at constant density. The change in neutral lipid composition of the extracted oil with the extraction ratio was measured. Free fatty acids or diglycerides were extracted more easily than triglycerides or sterol esters. The change in fatty acid composition was also measured. The proportion of γ-linolenic acid in the extract remained constant throughout the extraction.     

Viscosity of CHF3 in the critical region

The gaseous visosity of trifluoromethane (CHF₃) was measured in the critical region. The experimental temperature range was between 299.150 and 303.150 K and the pressure range was up to 5.66 MPa. The measurements were obtained with an oscillating-disk viscometer, combined with local determination of the density at the position of the oscillating disk, and they have an estimated accuracy of 0.6% for the viscosity and 0.5% for the gas density. The viscosity of CHF₃ exhibits an anomalous increase near the critical point. The anomalous increase in viscosity was analyzed with the viscosity equation proposed by Basu and Sengers.     

三氟甲烷下游产品的研究开发

三氟甲烷在一定条件下会较容易地脱去H,形成活泼的二氟卡宾,可以方便地在医药、农药及特殊化学品中间体内引入三氟甲基和二氟甲基,得到有着特殊功效的含氟化合物。开发三氟甲烷可以节约生产成本,消除环境危害,更可以作为一种新型氟化试剂,在化工、医药、农药展开多种新颖应用。     

三氟甲烷灭火系统设计计算

介绍了三氟甲烷灭火系统设计计算流程,灭火剂设计用量、流体计算等设计参数的确定方法.     

混合锂盐LiTFSI-LiODFB基电解液的高温性能

研究双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)和二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiODFB)混合锂盐电解液用于磷酸铁锂(LiFePO_4)锂离子电池时的高温60℃性能,用SEM和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究高温60℃下LiTFSI基电解液对铝箔的腐蚀及LiODFB的防腐蚀机理。在高温60℃下,LiODFB的加入能减少LiTFSI基电解液对铝箔的腐蚀;当LiTFSI与LiODFB物质的量比为4∶6时,混盐基电解液电池以1 C在2.5~4.2 V充放电,第80次循环的放电容量保持率为99.7%,优于商业化六氟磷酸锂(LiPF_6)基电解液电池的58.6%。     

Synthesis and characterization of two ionic liquids with emphasis on their chemical stability towards metallic lithium

Two room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) without acidic protons, based on different cationic species (1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium) (BMMI) and N-n-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium (BMP) using (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻ (TFSI) as anion, were prepared by quaternization of their respective amines with an appropriate alkyl halide, followed by ion exchange reaction. All relevant properties of these ionic liquids, such as, thermal stability, density, viscosity, electrochemical behavior, ionic conductivity and self-diffusion coefficients for both ionic species, were determined at different temperatures. In spite of their ionic conductivity being lower than 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) (BMITFSI), the absence of an acidic proton in both compounds is crucial to maintain their chemical stability towards metallic lithium and, thereby, to make possible the safe assembly of lithium ion batteries. Both ionic liquids without acidic protons do not react with metallic lithium; on the other hand, the formation of carbene species when BMITFSI was exposed to Li was confirmed by ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).     

Unraveling the cooperative effects of acid sites and kinetics for pyrolysis of CHF3 to C2F4 and C3F6 on SO42−/ZrO2-SiO2

The treatment or upgrading of waste trifluoromethane (CHF₃, R23), which has a significant greenhouse effect, is of great importance in industry. Herein, series of SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂-SiO₂ catalysts with different Brønsted and Lewis acid site densities and ratios were prepared for pyrolysis of R23 to tetrafluoroethylene (C₂F₄, TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (C₃F₆, HFP). The effects of impregnation concentration of (NH₄)₂SO₄ on specific surface area, crystal phase, and Brønsted and Lewis acid site densities and ratios were respectively demonstrated. The Brønsted and Lewis acid sites were observed to have cooperative effects on R23 transformation and up to 94.6% selectivity of (TFE + HFP) could be achieved at 750°C. The kinetic studies revealed the decomposition of R23 into CF₂ carbene and HF was the rate-determining step, and a deactivation behavior was found due to the site coverage and pore blockage by the oligomers of TFE and HFP.     

Reactive ion etching of gallium nitride films

Reactive ion etching (RIE) was performed on gallium nitride (GaN) films grown by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Etching was carried out using trifluoromethane (CHF₃) and chloropentafluoroethane (C₂ClF₅) plasmas with Ar gas. A conventional rf plasma discharge RIE system without ECR or Ar ion gun was used. The effects of chamber pressure, plasma power, and gas flow rate on the etch rates were investigated. The etch rate increased linearly with the ratio of plasma power to chamber pressure. The etching rate varied between 60 and 500Å/min, with plasma power of 100 to 500W, chamber pressure of 60 to 300 mTorr, and gas flow rate of 20 to 50 seem. Single crystalline GaN films on sapphire showed a slightly lower etch rate than domain-structured GaN films on GaAs. The surface morphology quality after etching was examined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.     

二氧化碳-三氟甲烷抑制煤燃烧的试验研究（ 增刊）

为防治矿井火灾,国内外学者做了大量工作。为进一步研究如何提高二氧化碳对受限空间煤燃烧的抑制效果,设计了气体灭火剂抑制煤燃烧试验平台,分别测试了三种不同浓度二氧化碳对煤燃烧的抑制效果,23%的二氧化碳抑制效果较好。引入三氟甲烷灭火剂,测试了混合气体灭火剂对煤燃烧的抑制效果。得出了当二氧化碳中含有10%三氟甲烷时抑制煤燃烧效果最好,煤燃烧时间缩短了46.6%,并且比浓度23%的二氧化碳灭火效果提高了18.0%,说明了三氟甲烷和二氧化碳混合灭火剂抑制煤燃烧的协同作用明显。     

Biodegradable synthetic polymers: Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application

Biodegradable polymers have been widely used and have greatly promoted the development of biomedical fields because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The development of biotechnology and medical technology has set higher requirements for biomedical materials. Novel biodegradable polymers with specific properties are in great demand. Biodegradable polymers can be classified as natural or synthetic polymers according to the source. Synthetic biodegradable polymers have found more versatile and diverse biomedical applications owing to their tailorable designs or modifications. This review presents a comprehensive introduction to various types of synthetic biodegradable polymers with reactive groups and bioactive groups, and further describes their structure, preparation procedures and properties. The focus is on advances in the past decade in functionalization and responsive strategies of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications. The possible future developments of the materials are also discussed.