用Shedlovsky方法求解298.15K时硫酸氧钒离子对解离常数

采用电导法测定了水溶液中298.15 K时VOSO4·n H2O(s)的电导率,通过Origin数据拟合求出极限摩尔电导;采用改进的Ostwald稀释定律和改进的Davies方程求解活度系数,进而求得溶液的真实离子强度;采用Shedlovsky方法求解硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数。经过数据处理得到了298.15 K时硫酸氧钒极限摩尔电导率Λ0为209.205 020 9S·dm2/mol,硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数Kd为0.001 756 218,进而可以研究其他相关热力学性质。     

冷冻鸡肉块保水、保鲜的研究

本文研究了添加保水剂和改变加工条件,对鸡肉块解冻后失水率的影响.单因素实验结果表明,较好的浸泡温度为20℃,较好的浸泡时间是30min,聚丙烯酸钠添加量为0.0012%,其作用效果随浸泡时间的延长而提高,焦磷酸钠添加量为0.08%,当它与卡拉胶混合时,需在室温下搅拌3min.而正交试验显示最佳混合液组成是焦磷酸钠为0.08%,聚丙烯酸钠0.0012%,浸泡时间为30 min.     

离子色谱同时测定烘焙食品中两种形态磷酸盐

建立一种离子色谱电导抑制法同时测定食品中正磷酸盐和焦磷酸盐新的分析方法.样品经0.5％HCl溶液溶解,固相萃取柱去除有机杂质,Ag/H柱去除大量的Cl-后,以KOH作淋洗液梯度洗脱,电导抑制法检测.在优化的分离条件下2种添加剂的检出限分别为0.5mg/L和1.0mg/L,标准混合溶液连续6次进样,相对标准偏差为0.45％和0.69％,样品测定的平均回收率为96.5％、93.8％.该方法可快速、准确地分析烘焙食品中正磷酸盐和焦磷酸盐.     

多聚磷酸钠对牛背最长肌盐溶蛋白质热诱导凝胶保水性和超微结构的影响

本文以牛背最长肌为材料，采用L25(5^6)正交设计研究了焦磷酸二氢二钠、三聚磷酸钠和六偏磷酸钠对牛背最长肌盐溶蛋白质热诱导凝胶保水性和凝胶超微结构的影响。结果表明，在相同的离子条件下，添加的酸性焦磷酸钠或焦磷酸二氢二钠和三聚磷酸钠对热诱导凝胶保水性有极显著的影响(p＜0．0001和p＜0．0071)，而六偏磷酸钠的影响则不显著(p＞0．05)。值得注意的是，焦磷酸二氢二钠与六偏磷酸钠的交互作用、焦磷酸二氢二钠与三聚磷酸钠的交互作用、三聚磷酸钠与六偏磷酸钠的交互作用对热诱导凝胶保水性的影响极显著(p＜0．0001)，且比三聚磷酸钠的方差贡献大。Duncan多重比较显示，在盐溶蛋白质提取过程中，添加0．3％焦磷酸二氢二钠可使凝胶的保水性平均达到98．375％，比焦磷酸二氢二钠添加量为0．1％、0．15％和0．2％的凝胶保水性(分别为81．652％、84．384％和78．987%)高，差异显著(p＜0．05)。扫描电镜研究结果显示，保水性不同的凝胶其超微结构表现出很大的差异。保水性为99．5％的凝胶其凝胶结构致密，均匀，网格细小，而且线条较纫，边缘平滑。而保水性为90%的凝胶则结构粗糙，表现为线条较粗，不均匀，蛋白质交联较少，网格大且不一致。线条多呈平行排列，或以聚集状态存在。     

复合核苷氧钒配合物(VRC)的合成及对RNA酶的抑制效应

运用改进的有机溶剂助溶法合成了复合核苷氧钒配合物（VRC）——一种强的核糖核酸酶（RNAase)抑制剂，并经紫外差谱、红外光谱、顺磁共振光谱研究了核苷与氧钒离子在不同pH值和不同金属/核苷比中的结合及结合方式。实验结果表明，用本法制备的VRC在保护核糖核酸免受核糖核酸酶的降解方面与国外同类产品具有同样的效能，与蛋白类的核糖核酸酶抑制剂RNAasin相比，可在较高的温度下发挥核糖核酸酶抑制剂的作用。     

Engineering Morphologies of Cobalt Pyrophosphates Nanostructures toward Greatly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Herein, a surfactant‐ and additive‐free strategy is developed for morphology‐controllable synthesis of cobalt pyrophosphate (CoPPi) nanostructures by tuning the concentration and ratio of the precursor solutions of Na₄P₂O₇ and Co(CH₃COO)₂. A series of CoPPi nanostructures including nanowires, nanobelts, nanoleaves, and nanorhombuses are prepared and exhibit very promising electrocatalytic properties toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Acting as both reactant and pseudo‐surfactant, the existence of excess Na₄P₂O₇ is essential to synthesize CoPPi nanostructures for unique morphologies. Among all CoPPi nanostructures, the CoPPi nanowires catalyst renders the best catalytic performance for OER in alkaline media, achieving a low Tafel slope of 54.1 mV dec⁻¹, a small overpotential of 359 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², and superior stability. The electrocatalytic activities of CoPPi nanowires outperform the most reported non‐noble metal based catalysts, even better than the benchmark Ir/C (20%) catalyst. The reported synthesis of CoPPi gives guidance for morphology control of transition metal pyrophosphate based nanostructures for a high‐performance inexpensive material to replace the noble metal‐based OER catalysts.     

焦磷酸锰引发淀粉与丙烯腈接枝共聚及水解共聚物的性质

本文研究了焦磷酸锰引发淀粉与丙烯腈接枝共聚及淀粉—丙烯腈接枝共聚物(SPAN)水解制备高吸水性树脂(HSPAN),研究了影响 HSPAN 吸水率和吸液率的因素,结果表明:SPAN 的接枝效率>95%,接上百分数为55～65%:HSPAN吸去离子水522ml/g、自来水302ml/g,吸合成血88ml/g、合成尿86ml/g、0.9NaCl%溶液88ml/g.     

Preparation of Mesoporous Zirconium Phosphate-Pyrophosphate with a Large Amount of Thermally Stable Acid Groups on the Pore Surface

Mesoporous zirconium phosphate pyrophosphate of composition Zr(P₂O₇)_0.81(O₃POH)_0.38 was obtained by calcination at 600°C of a mesoporous zirconium phosphite diphosphonate, Zr[(O₃P-C₆H₄-PO₃)_0.54 (O₃P-C₆H₄-PO₃H₂)_0.13(O₃PH)_0.79]. The surface area of this completely inorganic material (215 m²/g) was lower than that of its inorgano-organic precursor (350 m²/g); however, both materials exhibited the same pore distribution, with an average pore diameter of 4 nm, and similar values of the mesopore volume (0.21 and 0.28 cm³/g, respectively). These results showed that the thermal treatment at 600°C leaves nearly unaltered the mesoporous structure of the precursor. ³¹P solid state NMR and TEM investigations were also carried out and discussed. The material obtained represents a considerable advancement in the preparation of zirconium phosphates with high surface area. Due to the good thermal stability of its surface acid groups (700–800°C), it is of interest for potential uses as an acid catalyst at high temperature.     

Formation and evolution of phosphorus-containing species during high-temperature oxidation of TiAl dipped in a low-concentrated phosphoric acid solution

TiAl samples were dipped in a low-concentrated phosphoric acid solution, air dried, then heated to 800 °C under argon gas before oxidation under reconstituted air at this temperature. At the end of the heating ramp, sample surfaces were covered by a titanium pyrophosphate (TiP₂O₇) layer, well adhered to the substrate. This pyrophosphate was shown to be detectable from 400 °C. Chemical reactions have been proposed for the formation of this compound. TiP₂O₇ coating strongly increased the oxidation resistance of TiAl at 800 °C for 100 h. After 100 h, a transition period occurred leading to the change of TiP₂O₇ into TiO₂, which was achieved after 230 h, total mass gain always remaining below that of raw substrate. This evolution was demonstrated not resulting from a thermal decomposition of pyrophosphate compound.     

Influence of the nanostructure and morphology of (VO)2P2O7 on its catalytic reactivity

The reoxidability of vanadyl pyrophosphate is studied by thermal analysis and by temporal analysis of product (TAP). The samples differ by surface area, oxidation state of vanadium, crystallite size, and degree of crystallinity. The morphology ranges from platy to prismatic and the microstructure from mosaic crystals exhibiting {100} faces to bulky crystals. The reactivity of these samples during oxidation as well as their catalytic reactivity studied in flow reactor is accounted for by the microstructure. The highest reoxidation capability and the best catalytic properties in oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride are obtained with mosaic crystals. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.