基于图像的静脉输液无液检测的新方法

针对国内外为实现静脉输液无液自动检测而采用的各种传感器技术存在的各种问题,提出基于图像的静脉输液无液检测的新方法.通过CCD摄像机采集输液器液位图像,数字化后输入计算机,由计算机软件进行图像处理和分析,得到输液器是否无液的信息.该方法的研究,实现了将数字图像处理技术融合到静脉输液无液检测应用中,丰富了图像处理内容的同时为静脉输液无液检测提供了新思路.     

First Trimester Prediction of Preterm Delivery in the Absence of Other Pregnancy-Related Complications Using Cardiovascular-Disease Associated MicroRNA Biomarkers

The aim of the study was to determine if aberrant expression profile of cardiovascular disease associated microRNAs would be able to predict within 10 to 13 weeks of gestation preterm delivery such as spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) in the absence of other pregnancy-related complications (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, or small for gestational age). In addition, we assessed if aberrant expression profile of cardiovascular disease associated microRNAs would be able to predict preterm delivery before and after 34 weeks of gestation. The retrospective study was performed within the period November 2012 to March 2020. Whole peripheral blood samples were collected from 6440 Caucasian individuals involving 41 PTB and 65 PPROM singleton pregnancies. A control group, 80 singleton term pregnancies, was selected on the base of equal sample storage time. Gene expression of 29 selected cardiovascular disease associated microRNAs was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Downregulation of miR-16-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p and miR-342-3p was observed in pregnancies with preterm delivery before 37 (≤36 + 6/7) weeks of gestation. Majority of downregulated microRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-342-3p) was associated with preterm delivery occurring before 37 (≤36 + 6/7) weeks of gestation. The only miR-210-3p was downregulated in pregnancies with preterm delivery before 34 (≤33 + 6/7) weeks of gestation. The type of preterm delivery also had impact on microRNA gene expression profile. Downregulation of miR-24-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p was a common feature of PTB and PPROM pregnancies. Downregulation of miR-16-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-342-3p appeared just in PTB pregnancies. No microRNA was uniquely dysregulated in PPROM pregnancies. The combination of 12 microRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-342-3p, AUC 0.818, p < 0.001, 74.53% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity, cut off > 0.634) equally as the combination of 6 microRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p, AUC 0.812, p < 0.001, 70.75% sensitivity, 78.75% specificity, cut off > 0.652) can predict preterm delivery before 37 weeks of gestation in early stages of gestation in 52.83% pregnancies at 10.0% FPR. Cardiovascular disease associated microRNAs represent promising biomarkers with very good diagnostical potential to be implemented into the current routine first trimester screening programme to predict preterm delivery.     

近红外静脉图像可视化算法

目前的静脉访问辅助设备通常利用近红外成像技术采集静脉图像。在直方图均衡化增强静脉图像的基础上,针对手背静脉穿刺辅助装置的实时性要求,本文提出按键触发检测的方式来实现静脉血管宽度可视化算法。该算法在医护领域进行实际系统的临床应用,可有效提高静脉访问成功率、减轻医护人员工作难度并造福病人。     

Inability to start hemodialysis after a smooth temporary hemodialysis catheter insertion procedure

Cannulation of the central vein for placement of the temporary dual-lumen catheter for hemodialysis can usually be safely and reliably performed under ultrasonographic guidance. Here, we report a case of aberrant catheter entry into the internal thoracic vein during an apparently smooth procedure. The value of sonographic guidance, together with fluoroscopy with or without venography, will be discussed.     

人工关节置换术下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防性护理

目的:探讨降低人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血形成发生率的护理方法.方法:对58例人工关节置换术采取针对性的综合性护理措施,包括心理护理、健康教育、体位护理、病情观察、预防性使用抗凝药、早期活动等.结果:人工关节置换术58例中,15例发生DVT,发生率为25.9%.讨论:综合性的预防措施可以降低DVT的发生率.     

Piezoelectric pump with flexible venous valves for active cell transmission

The development of organ-on-a-chip systems demands high requirements for adequate micro-pump performance, which needs excellent performance and effective transport of active cells. In this study, we designed a piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve inspired by that of humans. Performance test of the proposed pump with deionized water as the transmission medium shows a maximum output flow rate of 14.95 mL/min when the input voltage is 100 V, and the pump can transfer aqueous solutions of glycerol with a viscosity of 10.8 mPa·s. Cell survival rate can reach 97.22% with a yeast cell culture solution as the transmission medium. A computational model of the electric-solid-liquid multi-physical field coupling of the piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve is established, and simulation results are consistent with experimental results. The proposed pump can help to construct the circulating organ-on-a-chip system, and the simple structure and portable application can enrich the design of microfluidic systems. In addition, the multi-physical field coupling computational model established for the proposed piezoelectric pump can provide an in-depth study of the characteristics of the flow field, facilitating the optimal design of the micro-pump and providing a reference for the further study of active cell transport in organ-on-a-chip systems.     

Central venous oxygen saturation and thoracic admittance during dialysis: new approaches to hemodynamic monitoring

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the most important short-term complications to hemodialysis (HD). Inadequate cardiac filling due to a reduction in the central blood volume is believed to be a major etiological factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these pathophysiologic events are reflected in the central venous oxygen saturation (ScO(2)) and thoracic admittance (TA) during dialysis. Twenty ambulatory HD patients, 11 hypotension prone (HP) and 9 hypotension resistant, with central vascular access, were monitored during 3 HD sessions each. ScO(2), TA, finger blood pressure (BP), and relative change in blood volume (DeltaBV) were measured and sampled continuously. The relative TA decrease and DeltaBV were both largest in the HP group (p<0.05 for both), whereas ScO(2) decreased only in HP patients (p<0.001). Baseline TA was lower in the HP group (p<0.01). Changes in ScO(2) and TA correlated much closer than did changes in ScO(2) and DeltaBV (r=0.43 and 0.18, respectively). Our results suggest that an intradialytic decrease in cardiac output, as reflected by a fall in ScO(2), is a common feature to HD patients prone to IDH. In patients using a central vascular access, ScO(2) and TA measurements may be more specific to the pathophysiologic events preceding IDH than DeltaBV-the current standard monitoring method.     

基于单片机的静滴速度自动控制系统设计

针对医院患者静脉输液无人看守的情况,利用MCS-51单片机技术和步进电机设计了一种静滴速度自动检测和控制系统,该系统能够实时检测静滴的速度和流量,并进行远程控制。     

静脉产业园区规划建设研究

静脉产业园区是我国一种新近兴起、前景广阔的产业空间。本文首先结合我国静脉产业的发展现状,将静脉产业园区划分为生活垃圾类、工业固废类和机电类三种。然后,针对每种静脉产业园区的运输特点、环境影响、建设条件等,结合建设实践深入探讨它们的建设选址要求、用地规模预测和空间布局模式,从而构建起相对完善的园区规划研究框架,为发展循环经济、建设生态城市提供空间载体。     

脐静脉置管术在新生儿输液中的临床应用

目的探讨脐静脉置管技术在新生儿静脉营养支持中的临床应用价值。方法选择2011年6月至2014年1月入院至东华医院新生儿科,因不同疾病需要救治且需要静脉营养支持治疗的新生儿（早产儿54例,足月小样儿8例,足月儿合并重症不能进食者18例）80例,在出生〈24h内行脐静脉置管术,建立静脉输液通道,并对其临床应用效果进行分析。结果 80例患儿中77例置管成功,3例失败,置管成功率为96.3%。导管留置时间为7~21（7.5±2.2）d。其中4例使用1~3d后导管堵塞,1例拆管剪线时误剪断导管,且回缩,后采取手术取出;3例发生导管相关感染,行血培养检查均为阴性,感染率为3.75%。留置导管过程中未发生腹腔感染、心律失常、新生儿坏死性肠炎、肝实质损伤、肝坏死、血栓、空气栓塞及脐出血等并发症。结论脐静脉置管术是重症新生儿静脉营养支持的一项重要技术,操作相对容易掌握,不良反应少,较经外周中心静脉置管术（PICC）时间早、成功率较高,出生后早期即可以安全使用,尤其是在低体质量、极低体质量患儿的应用中有广泛的前景。