Flame characteristics of premixed H2-air mixtures explosion venting in a spherical container through a duct

The explosion venting duct can effectively reduce the hazard degree of a gas explosion and conduct the venting energy to the safe area. To investigate the flame quantitative propagation law of explosion venting with a duct, the effects of hydrogen fraction and explosion venting duct length on jet flame propagation characteristics of premixed H₂-air mixtures were analyzed through experiment and simulation. The experiment results under initial conditions of room temperature and 1 atm show that when hydrogen fraction was high enough, part of the unburned hydrogen was mixed with air again to reach an ignitable concentration, resulting in the secondary combustion was easier produced and the duration of the secondary flame increased. With the increase of venting duct length, the flame front distance and propagation velocity increased. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of pressure field and temperature field, and the propagation process and mechanism of the flame venting with a duct were analyzed using FLUENT software. The variation of the pressure wave and the pressure reflection oscillation law in the explosion venting duct was captured. Therefore, in the industrial explosion venting design with a duct, the hazard caused by the coupling of venting pressure and venting flame under different fractions should be considered comprehensively.     

板栅模具设计中的几个问题

通过对板栅模具设计中遇到的几个实际问题的分析提出处理意见 ,从而达到科学合理地设计板栅模具。     

排气系统在注射模中的应用

介绍了排气系统在注射模中的重要性,排气系统位置的选择,排气系统的种类以及应用等     

短纤维增强透气性莫来石/铁(A3S2/Fe)复合材料烧结特性的研究

本文研究了A₃S₂/Fe复合材料的烧结特性、透气性和纤维增强效果,分析了烧结过程中材料宏观结构和微观组织的形成机理.实验结果表明:纤维增强A₃S₂/Fe复合材料在900～1000℃具有良好的烧结性能,烧成后表层存在一定厚度的硬化层;纤维增强效果显着.材料抗压强度达17～23MPa,相对透气系数为4.30～9.69cm3/(cm2·s·atm).已能满足实际应用的需要.     

木塑复合材料制品一步法挤出成型技术的研究

介绍了木塑复合材料制品一步法挤出成型中常见的5种挤出设备,提出了选择这些设备时需要考虑的一些因素,分析了木塑复合制品挤出成型技术中温度、压力、喂料和排气等问题产生的原因。并结合实验和理论,从螺杆、机筒、机头设计和加料器选择等方面提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

900/100旋回破碎机排放口工艺的调整

900/100旋回破碎机排放口调整的原工艺是采用热胀冷缩原理进行的,该工艺原始、落后.现使用3台液压油缸,利用液压力替代人力,分解开缝螺帽和螺帽外套,调整排放口.新工艺经济、安全、方便.     

Pressure release characteristics of premixed hydrogen-air mixtures in an explosion venting device with a duct

The technology of explosion venting with a duct can effectively reduce the destructive effect generated from gas accidental explosion in the place of intensive industrial production, while it is not applicable to the production site designed for the technology without ducts. Since it is not clear how to quantitatively evaluate the regularity of energy release in explosion venting especially under high cracking pressure, it is still challenging on the safe application of the technology. This paper aimed to explore the basic characteristics of explosion pressure in a 20 L sphere vessel and venting duct during hydrogen explosion venting for safety design. The effects of the cracking pressure and duct length on explosion pressure at different positions were systematically analyzed according to the test of the hydrogen with different concentrations in an explosion venting device with a duct. Comparing the results of explosion pressure characteristics with experiments conducted in a device without a duct, and quantitatively analyzing the pressure release rule, manifested that the presence of the duct reduced the explosion venting efficiency to a certain extent. In the meantime, by comparing the standard NFPA 68 (P_cra ≤ 0.075 MPa, 0.1 m³ ≤ V ≤ 10,000 m³) for safety design of explosion venting devices, the extended implementation scheme with a venting duct was assessed, implying that the calculation results from NFPA 68 were relatively stable in over-scope (P_cra > 0.075 MPa, V < 0.1 m³) measurement. In future industrial productions, the design of high-pressure hydrogen venting is suggested, leaving sufficient safety margin when referring to the result.     

Visualized measurement of extremely high-speed droplets in Venturi scrubber

Venturi scrubbers for filtered venting have been installed in nuclear power plants worldwide. Venturi scrubbers can eliminate fission products from a polluted gas by interaction through gas–liquid interfaces. Therefore, droplet diameter is important from the viewpoint of decontamination. When Venturi scrubbers are used in severe accidents, the gas flow velocity might be extremely high. In these studies, the authors did not measure droplet diameter under extremely high gas velocity conditions. In the scenarios, experimental data pertaining to droplet diameter, under the extremely high gas flow velocity, are required. Therefore, this objective is to evaluate the diameter of extremely high-speed droplets. A visualization experiment was conducted using a Venturi scrubber. The droplet diameter distribution and the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were determined. By comparing between the experimental value of SMDs and the one evaluated using Nukiyama–Tanasawa equation, it was confirmed that the Nukiyama–Tanasawa equation can be used to evaluate SMD with good accuracy in the gas velocity range of 82–250 m/s, except the highest gas velocity conditions. Furthermore, the droplet generation mechanism in the Venturi scrubber was considered to clarify the main reason why the Nukiyama–Tanasawa equation can be used to evaluate SMD droplet diameter.     

Advantages and challenges with using hypoxic air venting as fire protection

The use of hypoxic air venting system as fire protection is increasing and is sometimes used to replace traditional extinguishing systems. An oxygen level of 15% is generally used because a lower concentration could pose serious health risks. On the request of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, a literature review was conducted to determine advantages and challenges with the system and further research needs. The main advantages with a reduced oxygen environment are the reduced probability of ignition and lowered heat release rate. However, at 15% oxygen level, risk for fire still exists, and the system cannot be seen as an alternative to extinguishing systems. Reduced oxygen environment also results in higher production rates of soot and smoke, and there is limited knowledge regarding the effect of fuel configuration and fire behavior of products. In addition, a first evaluation of the test method specified in the hypoxic air venting standards was carried out through testing. The testing showed that the particleboard passed the test criteria at normal atmosphere even though it is commonly known that a particleboard burns in normal air. It is concluded that the test method has deficiencies, and there is clearly a need for development of the test method to guarantee safety levels. © 2013 The Authors. Fire and Materials published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

芳烃原料罐区有机气体回收装置运行问题初探与分析

本文介绍了四川石化65万t·a-1对二甲苯芳烃联合装置配套芳烃原料罐区有机气体回收装置工艺流程简述,主要控制指标、运行状态以及运行过程中出现的问题分析及应对措施。装置运行半年来,操作稳定,外排气体烃含量小于35×10-6,远低于国家设计标准,达到安全环保要求。