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1.
Image enhancement algorithms are commonly used to increase the contrast and visual quality of low-dose x-ray images. This paper proposes an automated enhancement method using soft fuzzy sets with a new decision-making scheme based on Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence for the visual interpretation of pneumonia malformation in low-dose x-ray images, called as XEFSDS. The XEFSDS model first generates an original source x-ray image into a complementary image, then each original and complement image is applied to the characterized image object and background areas of fuzzy space. The S-function is utilized to define fuzzy soft sets for the classification of gray level ambiguity in both images, and hence a decision criterion via Dempster-Shafer approach and fuzzy interval has been adapted to discriminate uncertainties on the pixel intensity and the spatial information. Modified membership grade operations have been performed on each object/background area, and Werner’s AND/OR operator (an aggregation operator) has been utilized to build a new membership function from two modified membership functions. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained from the new membership function via defuzzification. Experiments on different pneumonia X-ray images demonstrate that the XEFSDS scheme produces better results than the existing methods. To show the advantages of the XEFSDS scheme, we have executed a segmentation based examination on enhanced image for the detection of pneumonia malformation as well as abnormal lobe (lobar pneumonia) or bronchopneumonia. 相似文献
2.
Dvoryankin V. F. Dikaev Yu. M. Kudryashov A. A. Sokolovskii A. A. 《Measurement Techniques》2003,46(8):806-809
A method is described for determining the instantaneous effective energy of x-ray tube brehmsstrahlung by means of two semiconductor detectors employing epitaxial GaAs structures and a measurement circuit, which together determine the effective energy with an error of 5% in the range 20–80 keV in the presence of nonlinearity in the detector response. 相似文献
3.
L. Verger J. P. Bonnefoy F. Glasser P. Ouvrier-Buffet 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1997,26(6):738-744
There has been considerable recent progress in II-VI semiconductor material and in methods for improving performance of the
associated radiation detectors. New high resistivity CdZnTe material, new contact technologies, new detector structures, new
electronic correction methods have opened the field of nuclear and x-ray imaging for industrial and medical applications.
The purpose of this paper is to review new developments in several of these fields. In addition, we will present some recent
results at LETI concerning first the CdTe 2-D imaging system (20 × 30 mm2 with 400 × 600 pixels) for dental radiology and second the CdZnTe fast pulse correction method applied to a 5 × 5 × 5 mm3 CdZnTe detector (energy resolution = 5% for detection efficiency of 85% at 122 keV) for medical imaging. 相似文献
4.
对几种增黑剂进行了筛选实验研究,选用了两种增黑剂组合使用,提高了遮盖力,使医用X光胶片涂布银量由原业的9g/m2降到了6.8g/m2,与美国医用X光胶片涂布银量(6.7g/m2)相当,照相性能不低于国产医用X光胶片。 相似文献
5.
Kurt F. J. Heinrich 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2002,107(6):483-485
Quantitative electron probe analysis is based on models based on the physics or x-ray generation, empirically adjusted to the analyses of specimens of known composition. Their accuracy can be estimated by applying them to a set of specimens of presumably well-known composition. 相似文献
6.
高能 X 射线工业 CT 技术的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
目的 研究分析了国内外高能X射线工业CT技术的进展情况,方法 通过有关文献资料,对目前国际上主要的高能X射线工业CT技术及设备进行评述。结果和结论 对美国、德国等发达国家的高能X射线工业CT设备、线阵探测器、面陈探测器及重建算法进行了分析。 相似文献
7.
Peter Rez 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2002,107(6):487-495
To calculate the intensity of x-ray emission in electron beam microanalysis requires a knowledge of the energy distribution of the electrons in the solid, the energy variation of the ionization cross section of the relevant subshell, the fraction of ionizations events producing x rays of interest and the absorption coefficient of the x rays on the path to the detector. The theoretical predictions and experimental data available for ionization cross sections are limited mainly to K shells of a few elements. Results of systematic plane wave Born approximation calculations with exchange for K, L, and M shell ionization cross sections over the range of electron energies used in microanalysis are presented. Comparisons are made with experimental measurement for selected K shells and it is shown that the plane wave theory is not appropriate for overvoltages less than 2.5 V. 相似文献
8.
9.
Quantitative x-ray diffraction topography techniques have been used to measure the residual strain magnitude and uniformity
of deposition for Mo and W sputtered films on Si(100) substrates. High sensitivity rocking curve measurements were able to
determine differential strains for films as thin as 2.5 nm; while Bragg angle contour mapping had similar sensitivity and
was also able to assess coating uniformity and stress distribution over areas covering a whole wafer. Measurements of strain
versus film thickness over a range of 2.5 nm to 80 nm showed that a critical thickness exists for maximum residual strain.
Growth beyond this range produces stress relaxation. This non-destructive type of analysis could be employed on a wide range
of film-substrate combinations. 相似文献
10.
自动实时X射线检测技术在半导体制程控制中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
EckhardSperschneider 《电子工业专用设备》2003,32(5):27-31
对X光检测的不同技术在半导体制程上的应用作了详细的介绍;着重讨论了全旋倾斜(off-axis)X射线技术的特点和优势。 相似文献