强化实验动物法制化管理构建江西实验动物公共服务平台

随着科学技术、国民经济和社会的发展,实验动物科学已经成为现代生命科学技术不可分割的一个组成部分。我省为促进实验动物学科快速发展,为我省生物、医药、卫生、食品、畜牧以及整个生命科学的发展,强化实验动物法制化管理,构建实验动物公共服务平台,即实验动物质量检测平台,实验动物生产基地平台,动物实验平台,实验动物与动物实验资格培训平台,实验动物与动物实验咨询服务平台。实行实验动物年检制,使实验动物许可证管理更科学、更具有针对性和可操作性,使实验动物管理质量和管理水平全面提高,从而推动我省实验动物事业的健康、有序发展,为江西科技发展作出更大的贡献。     

实验动物在血液制品中的应用

目的：阐述实验动物在血液制品生产质量控制过程中应用的重要性。方法：按《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版三部要求及相关项目的技术规范进行血液制品质量控制。结果：血浆数量150吨,可同时生产以下品种的产品,人血白蛋白共30批次,总瓶数约40万瓶（折10g）;免疫球蛋白类：共30批次,总瓶数约30万瓶（折2.5g）;人纤维蛋白原：共30批次,总瓶数约15万瓶（折0.5g）;人凝血酶原复合物：共30批次,总瓶数约12万瓶（折300IU）;人凝血因子Ⅷ：共30批次,总瓶数约10万瓶（折200IU）。需使用家兔870只、豚鼠300只小鼠750只。结论：实验动物应用于血液制品生产质量控制发挥了非常重要的作用。     

动物血液蛋白质及活性肽开发研究进展

动物血液作为畜禽屠宰及加工的主要副产物,富含蛋白质、微量元素、矿物质、激素、维生素、酶类等多种功能成分,营养价值较高。其中,蛋白质作为动物血液的主要营养成分,占动物全血含量的10%～20%,其氨基酸组成丰富,富含赖氨酸,是一种优质的动物蛋白资源,素有“液态肉”之称,具有广阔的开发应用前景。本文主要综述动物血液蛋白质的研究进展及开发应用现状,重点总结了近年来以动物血液蛋白为原料开发的具有特定生理功能的生物活性肽,如抗氧化肽、抗菌肽、免疫调节肽、抗癌肽、降血压肽、抗糖尿病肽等,对活性肽的结构、序列及活性功能进行系统阐述,并对动物血液蛋白实际应用中出现的问题以及未来发展趋势进行展望,旨在为动物血液蛋白的高附加值开发利用提供参考。     

畜禽粪便污染及治理技术

文章阐述了畜牧业生产中畜禽粪便等废弃物造成的恶臭气体污染,有害病源微生物污染、抗菌素污染、重金属污染、氮磷污染等环境污染问题,并根据国内外研究与实践,对治理畜禽粪便所采取的低等动物法、干燥法、生物技术和生态工程学等技术方法,进行了综合介绍和评价。     

Solid/Liquid Separation of Pig Manure by Biological Flotation: Pilot-Scale Study

Many problems are associated with pig manure production like high biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents. Manure produces may be used in land spreading for agricultural purposes. Over application of liquid manure or runoff caused by precipitation contribute notably to surface or overland flow of phosphorus. In this study, the LISOX process is proposed for use in medium size farms, namely a 2,000-head swine farm. The LISOX process uses biological passive flotation, without any gas addition, to enable the flocs to rise to the surface. Results show that this technology is able to considerably reduce the solids content in the final effluent to 1.1±0.3% and reached solids content of 17.9±2.6% in the combined solid manure obtained at the end of the LISOX process. Total phosphorus (Pt) concentrations have been reduced from 1,234±428?mg/L to 146±46?mg/L in the final effluent, while a value of Pt of 20.6±7.9?g/kg has been obtained in the final solid fraction of the treated manure. The initial ammonium ion/total phosphorus ratio of 2.3±1.0 has been increased to respectively 16.4±4.6 and 17.6±5.4 after the primary and the secondary flotation, which is clearly much higher than the target value (NH4/Pt>7).     

Negotiating the hybrid: art, theory and genetic technologies

Over the past decade artists have increasingly turned to science in order to investigate technology’s effect. The move from hardware-based technologies to live organisms as media, raises ethical issues that the broader art community is addressing. This paper tracks the history of instrumental disengagement to determine when and how the gradual codification of life contributed to the eventual use of live organisms in art practice.     

Sampling and quantifying invertebrates from drinking water distribution mains

Water utilities in the Netherlands aim at controlling the multiplication of (micro-) organisms by distributing biologically stable water through biologically stable materials. Disinfectant residuals are absent or very low. To be able to assess invertebrate abundance, methods for sampling and quantifying these animals from distribution mains were optimised and evaluated. The presented method for collecting invertebrates consists of unidirectionally flushing a mains section with a flow rate of 1 ms(-1) and filtering the flushed water in two separate flows with 500 microm and 100 microm mesh plankton gauze filters. Removal efficiency from mains was evaluated in nine experiments by collecting the invertebrates removed from the mains section by intensive cleaning immediately subsequent to sampling. Of 12 taxa distinguished, all except case-building Chironomidae larvae (2%) and Oligochaeta (30%) were removed well (51-75%). Retention of invertebrates in 100 microm filters was evaluated by filtering 39 filtrates using 30 microm filters. Except for flexible and small invertebrates such as Turbellaria (13%), Nematoda (11%) and Copepoda larvae (24%), most taxa were well retained in the 100 microm filters (53-100%). During sample processing, the method for taking sub-samples with a 10 ml pipette from the suspension of samples with high sediment concentrations was found to perform well in 75% of the samples. During a 2-year national survey in the Netherlands and consecutive investigations, the method appeared to be very suitable to assess the abundance of most invertebrate taxa in drinking water distribution systems and to be practicable for relatively inexperienced sampling and lab technicians. Although the numbers of small, less abundant or sessile taxa were not accurately assessed using the method, these taxa probably should not be the primary focus of monitoring by water utilities, as consumer complaints are not likely to be caused by these invertebrates. The accuracy of quantifying small invertebrates was further improved, however, by filtering the 100microm filtrate with a 30microm mesh plankton gauze filter.     

Organizing chaos: Crisis management in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.

Applying the model of crisis management (D. Smith, 1990), this case study of the Louisiana Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in New Orleans chronicles the organization's response to Hurricane Katrina and illustrates the unique aspects of this crisis, as well as the well-worn patterns this organization faced in the year following the storm. We describe the organizational challenges associated with various stages of crisis and identify the strengths that facilitated this organization's successes. Practical and theoretical suggestions are provided for how organizations and organizational psychologists can learn from the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe. Five lessons are summarized for helping organizations better prepare for future crises. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

大豆异黄酮对新生儿期大鼠子宫发育和雌激素受体表达的影响

目的研究母鼠暴露于大豆异黄酮对新生儿期大鼠子宫发育及雌激素受体表达的影响。方法将母鼠及其仔鼠随机分至6组,母鼠的大豆异黄酮暴露剂量分别为0、10、50、100、150、200mg/kgBW（i.g.）,暴露时间为产后第5至10天（PND5~10）。在PND11处死雌性仔鼠,称量子宫重量并进行病理学检查,利用ELISA方法测定血清雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）浓度,利用RT-PCR方法测定子宫中雌激素受体（ER）mRNA的表达。结果与对照组比较,大豆异黄酮150、200mg/kgBW剂量组仔鼠的子宫/体重比显著增加,子宫内膜增厚的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血清E2浓度明显高于对照组,SIF150组升高幅度最大,但各处理组血清P浓度呈下降趋势;100、150、200mg/kgBW剂量组仔鼠的子宫ERmRNA表达降低的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大豆异黄酮经母鼠暴露,可刺激雌性仔鼠的子宫发育,这种雌激素样效应至少与该物质对血液性激素和子宫ERmRNA表达的调节作用有关。     

Lipidomic Analysis: From Archaea to Mammals

Lipids are among the most important organic compounds found in all living cells, from primitive archaebacteria to flowering plants or mammalian cells. They form part of cell walls and constitute cell storage material. Their biosynthesis and metabolism play key roles in faraway topics such as biofuel production (third‐generation biofuels produced by microorganisms, e.g. algae) and human diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome, or Refsum disease. Current lipidomic analysis requires fast and accurate processing of samples and especially their characterization. Because the number of possible lipids and, more specifically, molecular species of lipids is of the order of hundreds to thousands, it is necessary to process huge amounts of data in a short time. There are two basic approaches to lipidomic analysis: shotgun and liquid chromatography–mass spectometry. Both methods have their pros and cons. This review deals with lipidomics not according to the type of ionization or the lipid classes analyzed but according to the types of samples (organisms) under study. Thus, it is divided into lipidomic analysis of archaebacteria, bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants, and animals.