采用径向射流冲击与钎焊砂轮解决磨削烧伤的研究

在分析高效磨削烧伤机理的基础上，提出了两项对策：一是采用高压径向射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热，以最大限度地疏导已经产生的积聚在弧区的磨削热；二是采用钎焊超硬磨料砂轮取代传统电镀砂轮，以提高砂轮的锋利度降低磨削比能，减少磨削热的产生。缓进给断续磨削试验结果表明，该两项对策对解决难加工材料磨削烧伤问题效果十分明显，具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种新型低成本阻燃钛合金的微观组织与力学性能

研究了一种名义成分为Ti-25V-15Cr-5Mo-0.25Si-0.08C的新型低成本阻燃钛合金TF-X,通过三次真空自耗熔炼制备了φ120mm铸锭,经包套挤压得到φ25mm棒材,观察了铸锭和挤压棒材的微观组织,测试并分析了挤压棒材的室温和高温拉伸性能、热稳定性能、高温蠕变性能。结果表明：TF-X合金具有与TF550合金大致相同的微观组织;TF-X合金室温及高温拉伸强度高于TF550合金,并且具有很好的塑性;试验条件下,TF-X合金的热稳定性能低于TF550合金,熔炼过程中应该严格控制氧含量;TF-X合金在540℃/250MPa/100h条件下蠕变性能与TF550合金相当,显著高于Ti40合金。     

Combustion Properties of Amino‐Substituted Guanidinium 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate(N4BIM) Salts

This paper describes the combustion properties of the amino‐substituted guanidinium 4,4′,5,5′‐tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate (N4BIM) series, including the bis‐mono, di and triaminoguanidinium salts. These salts are of interest as propellant ingredient additives, and in particular, the bis‐triaminoguanidinium salt of N4BIM displays excellent burn rate and combustion behavior. Our combustion studies have shown that TAGN4‐BIM displays a fast burning rate and has the lowest pressure dependence exponent yet measured for a triaminoguanidinium salt.     

一段炉催化剂蒸汽烧碳小结

介绍一段炉析碳原因,催化剂析碳后的措施及烧碳过程。     

外用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子凝胶与注射用重组人生长激素联合应用对实验性烫伤动物的疗效

目的观察外用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)凝胶与注射用重组人生长激素(rhGH)联合应用对实验性烫伤动物的疗效。方法将脱毛的Wistar大鼠背部皮肤浸入(85±1)℃恒温水浴中持续15s,造成深Ⅱ度烫伤。大鼠烫伤部位分别涂抹外用rhGM-CSF凝胶、易孚凝胶、美宝湿润烧伤膏、磺胺嘧啶银、医用凡士林膏,金因肽组用金因肽喷湿创面,rhGH组和GM+GH组在烫伤后24h开始皮下注射rhGH。各组每天给药1次,连续用药25d。每5d用透明硫酸纸描绘烫伤皮肤面积,并称重,计算烫伤皮肤愈合率;烫伤后6h、9d和25d,各组随机选取3只大鼠,对其烫伤创面进行病理学检查。结果从给药第10天开始,各给药组大鼠烫伤皮肤愈合率均比模型组明显提高;以GM+GH组最高。病理学观察显示,烫伤后25d,各给药组大鼠绝大多数创面表皮细胞增生明显,真皮层可见毛囊、皮脂腺腺体修复,GM+GH组炎细胞浸润不明显,模型组多见化脓性炎症改变,并见脓肿灶形成。结论各给药组均可减轻烫伤后炎症反应,促进烫伤皮肤愈合,对深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠皮肤有明显治疗作用,其中以外用rhGM-CSF凝胶联合应用rhGH的治疗效果最好。     

外用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子凝胶对烧烫伤动物的疗效

目的观察外用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)凝胶对实验性动物烧烫伤的治疗作用。方法采用电烙铁方法建立实验性大鼠烫伤创面,烫伤部位分别采用外用rhGM-CSF凝胶基质、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)喷雾剂、外用rhGM-CSF凝胶高(20μg/cm2)、低(5μg/cm2)剂量进行治疗,观察外用rhGM-CSF凝胶对烫伤创面的治疗作用,包括烫伤皮肤的病理学检查、烫伤创面的愈合情况、烫伤创面的感染情况及烫伤动物的死亡情况。采用凝固气油烧灼建立实验性小鼠Ⅲ°烧伤模型,烧伤部位分别采用rhGM-CSF凝胶基质、bFGF喷雾剂和外用rhGM-CSF凝胶进行治疗,观察小鼠死亡数量、感染情况及创面愈合后生毛时间。结果与凝胶基质对照组比较,外用rhGM-CSF凝胶高、低剂量治疗大鼠烫伤后的皮肤愈合时间明显缩短。病理检查结果显示,外用rhGM-CSF凝胶高、低剂量治疗大鼠烫伤创面的愈合程度明显优于凝胶基质对照组。外用rhGM-CSF凝胶对小鼠Ⅲ°烧伤具有保护和抗感染作用。烫伤创面愈合后生毛时间明显短于凝胶基质对照组。结论外用rhGM-CSF凝胶对实验性动物烧烫伤具有较好的治疗效果。     

Burn threshold prediction for High Efficiency Deep Grinding

Burn threshold diagrams are useful for the prediction of thermally induced grinding damage and were originally developed to describe the conventional shallow cut grinding regime. With the development of new high stock removal grinding processes such as High Efficiency Deep Grinding (HEDG), the prevention of thermal damage to the workpiece is of particular concern. The principle of HEDG is based around the change in thermal characteristics of the grinding process at high Peclet numbers, whereby less heat is partitioned to the workpiece. Conventional burn threshold diagrams are valid for Peclet numbers below 50, well below the values expected in HEDG. This study presents a modified approach to the construction of burn threshold diagrams which takes account of the change in thermal partitioning with Peclet number. The approach has been validated through grinding trials over a range of specific material removal rates.     

Enhancement of Aluminum Reactivity to Achieve High Burn Rate for an End Burning Rocket Motor

Aluminum is used in solid propellants to increase the specific impulse (I _sp). It is desirable to have high propellant loading in any stage as it reduces the structural coefficient and an end burning grain is known to be the one with the highest propellant loading. As aluminum combustion is a slow process, the time available for aluminum combustion in an end burning configuration will be very small at the start of the combustion process. This demands an increase in the reactivity of the aluminum. This study is built on the fact that mechanical activation of aluminum powder with PTFE (poly‐tetra‐flouro‐ethylene) enhances the reactivity of aluminum powder. This study also deals with the use of this activated aluminum powder in conjunction with various other methods to enhance the burn rates of the solid propellant. The temperature sensitivity was also measured. Based on these results, new designs with end burning grains for the third stage of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and for the second and third stage of Pegasus launch vehicle have been proposed to increase the payload capacity. With this new design, it is seen that the payload can be increased by 12.7 % and 17.6 % for PSLV and Pegasus, respectively. The novelty of this design is that with no changes to any other hardware of the above two systems the increase in payload can be achieved.     

1000MW机组中速磨煤机风环改造分析

针对电厂长期存在的石子煤排量大、风环堵塞、出力不够等问题,对磨煤机进行改造。通过对磨煤机风环进行优化设计,合理分配喉口数量、优化叶片流线外形、保证合理的通流面积。将喷嘴的下部向外倾斜一定角度,设计成"喇叭"状,实现拆分一次风为两部分的目的,形成一次风通过喷嘴向上吹扫和侧向吹扫的状态。改变风环的材质,采用耐磨性高的高铬白口铸铁,降低风环的磨损量。设置了可调节的挡板装置,用于补偿磨煤机的后期磨损。提高了磨煤机出力,增加了磨煤机碾磨能力,减轻中速磨煤机易磨损部件的磨损,延长其使用寿命。满足锅炉大比例掺烧褐煤的需要,降低了发电成本。     

Mn+Sb2O3 Thermite/Intermetallic Delay Compositions

The binary Mn+Sb₂O₃ pyrotechnic composition was investigated for mining detonator time delay applications. EKVI thermodynamic modelling predicted two maxima in the adiabatic reaction temperature. The local maximum, at a manganese fuel content of ca. 36 wt‐%, corresponds to a pure thermite‐type redox reaction: 3 Mn+Sb₂O₃→3 MnO+2Sb. The overall maximum in the adiabatic reaction temperature (ca. 1640 K), at the fuel‐rich composition of 49 wt‐% Mn, is consistent with the reaction 5 Mn+Sb₂O₃→3 MnO+2 MnSb, i.e. a combination of the standard thermite with an additional exothermic intermetallic reaction. XRD analysis of combustion residues confirmed the formation of MnSb and Mn₂Sb for fuel‐rich compositions. Burn rates were measured using delay elements assembled into commercial detonators. The d₅₀ particle sizes were 23.4 and 0.92 μm for the Mn fuel and Sb₂O₃ oxidant powders, respectively. The delay elements comprised rolled lead tubes with a length of 44 mm and an outer diameter of 6.4 mm. The rolling action compacted the pyrotechnic compositions to 74 ± 2 % theoretical maximum density. The burning rate increased linearly from 4.2 to 9.4 mm s⁻¹ over the composition range 25–50 wt‐% Mn.