碳酸盐岩岩溶储层多井评价方法及地质应用

多井评价是建立在单井精细解释对比分析基础上的预测储层及含油气性平面分布规律的技术方法,而常规测井资料无法区分碳酸盐岩岩溶储层,因而利用多井评价结果确定岩溶发育程度在平面上的分布规律就显得十分重要。为此,在岩心标定成像测井的基础上,对四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区15口井的成像测井岩溶发育特征进行分析,建立了中二叠统茅口组岩溶发育各分带的标准成像图版,利用交会图及直方图分析各分带的常规测井响应特征,在此基础上形成了电成像测井刻度常规测井识别岩溶发育带的新方法。研究结果表明:①高石梯—磨溪地区茅口组岩溶带自上而下可划分为风化壳残积带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带以及受岩溶作用较弱的基岩;②风化壳残积带在成像测井图像显示为"暗—亮—暗"条带状模式,垂直渗流岩溶带为垂直线状与暗色斑状组合模式,水平潜流岩溶带为水平线状—层状与斑状组合模式,基岩整体显示为亮色块状模式偶见线状或斑状特征;③有效储层主要发育在垂直渗流带和水平潜流带的顶部;④该区茅口组岩溶发育主要受裂缝发育控制,而裂缝发育又与断层关系密切。结论认为,该新方法对碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的多井评价具有普遍适用性,为四川盆地中二叠统风险探井的部署提供了技术支撑。     

Performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 prepared from spent lithium-ion batteries by a carbonate co-precipitation method

Spherical LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode particles were resynthesized by a carbonate co-precipitation method using spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a raw material. The physical characteristics of the Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3CO₃ precursor, the (Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)₃O₄ intermediate, and the regenerated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode material were investigated by laser particle-size analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of the regenerated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was studied by continuous charge–discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that the regenerated Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3CO₃ precursor comprises uniform spherical particles with a narrow particle-size distribution. The regenerated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ comprises spherical particles similar to those of the Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3CO₃ precursor, but with a narrower particle-size distribution. Moreover, it has a well-ordered layered structure and a low degree of cation mixing. The regenerated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ shows an initial discharge capacity of 163.5 mA h g^?1 at 0.1 C, between 2.7 and 4.3 V; the discharge capacity at 1 C is 135.1 mA h g^?1, and the capacity retention ratio is 94.1% after 50 cycles. Even at the high rate of 5 C, LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ delivers the high capacity of 112.6 mA h g^?1. These results demonstrate that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ is comparable to that of a cathode synthesized from fresh materials by carbonate co-precipitation.     

铝锆酸酯偶联剂对超微碳酸钙表面性能的影响

用铝锆酸酯偶联剂对超微碳酸钙粉体进行表面改性。讨论了改性前后超微碳酸钙的润湿性、沉降体积、糊粘度、吸油率等表面性质的变化。结果表明：改性的超微碳酸钙与水的接触角增大，能很好地分散在有机介质中，糊粘度减小，吸油率减小，适合用于塑料和橡胶。     

高分辨力地震是提高中国南方碳酸盐岩地震勘探效能的基础——一个由失败到成功的史例

南方碳酸盐岩复杂地区的地震工作经历了长期艰难曲折的道路,其中异常判别的经验教训极为深刻。本文从地震异常分析入手,揭示其实质,寻求问题的关键,探讨解决的办法,介绍高分辨率地震方法技术,展示高分辨率地震新成果,以得出有意义的结论和建议。     

江汉盆地盐湖碳酸盐岩成藏条件及潜力——以新沟地区新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组为例

在物源、古地形、古气候的控制下,江汉盆地新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组自北而南发育有砂岩相、泥岩相、碳酸盐岩相、硫酸盐以及氯化盐岩相,盆地中南部斜坡带为碳酸盐岩的主要分布区,具有碳酸盐岩与薄层泥岩频繁互层沉积特征;其中碳酸盐岩晶间孔发育,具有较好的储集条件,泥岩有机质丰度高,具有较好的生烃能力,生储配置关系良好;新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组碳酸盐岩成藏条件优越,油气成藏主要受有利烃源岩分布范围、岩性岩相、物性控制,具有烃源岩控藏、岩性物性控富的特征;江汉盆地碳酸盐岩油藏分布广泛,具有较好的勘探开发前景。     

Modeling and analysis of wormhole formation in reactive dissolution of carbonate rocks

A two-scale continuum model is used to simulate reactive dissolution of carbonate rocks in radial flow. The three main types of patterns observed in linear and radial flow experiments, namely, compact, wormhole and uniform patterns are numerically simulated. The fractal nature of wormholes observed in laboratory experiments is established and confirmed through simulations and the fractal dimension is quantitatively matched. The dependence of wormhole fractal dimension, optimum injection rate and minimum pore volumes required to breakthrough the medium on heterogeneity magnitude and aspect ratio is investigated. A new criterion to predict the optimum injection rate for wormhole formation in radial flow is derived and validated. It is observed that the wormhole penetration depth increases with injection time as t^b, where the exponent b is found to be approximately 0.66, as observed in the experiments. A critical level of heterogeneity magnitude seems to exist below which the minimum pore volumes required to breakthrough are much higher.     

重质碳酸钙活化的研究

采用硬脂酸对1500目重质碳酸钙进行湿法活化,利用正交实验研究了硬脂酸加入量、反应温度和反应时间对活化效果的影响。测定了改性前后重质碳酸钙活化度,并用红外光谱进行表征。     

A study of some Egyptian carbonate rocks for the building construction industry

A number of geotechnical analyses were carried out on selected carbonate rock samples from eight sites located in Egypt. This analysis was to assess the suitability of these rocks for building construction aggregate. The analyses included properties of uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, porosity, water absorption, and dynamic fragmentation. The success of building construction depends to a large extent on the availability of raw materials at affordable prices. Raw materials commonly used in the building industry include sands, gravels, clays and clay-derived products. Despite the widespread occurrence of carbonate rocks throughout Egypt, the low premium placed on their direct application in the building sector may be explained in two ways: firstly, the lack of awareness of the potential uses of carbonate rocks in the building construction industry (beyond the production of asbestos, ceiling boards, roof sheets and Portland cement); and secondly, the aesthetic application of carbonate rocks in the building construction depends mainly on their physical attributes, a knowledge of which is generally restricted to within the confines of research laboratories and industries. Thus this paper addresses the physical and mechanical characteristics of some Egyptian carbonate rocks, evaluating them for their suitability as building construction aggregates.     

塔中地区奥陶系烃源岩显微荧光特征及排烃期

通过对塔中１２井奥陶系碳酸盐岩的显微荧光特征分析并结合成岩作用研究，认为塔中地区奥陶系烃源岩有二次排烃期和较高的生烃潜量，第一次排烃发生在早成岩阶段以低成熟的重烃排出为主；第二次发生在晚成岩阶段以成熟的轻烃排出为主。此外，对排烃时间与相应的构造运动关系进行了尝试性探讨：下奥陶统烃源岩第一期排烃发生在加里东运动中期；中－上奥陶统烃源岩第一期排烃发生在晚海西运动前后；两层系的第二期排烃均发生在喜马拉雅期至今。