Phase constitution,microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing

In this study, a kind of Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Thermo-Calc simulation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to determine phases and their transformation temperature. Experimental specimens were prepared by laser metal deposition (LMD) and traditional casting method. Microstructure, phase constitution and mechanical properties of the alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile tests. The results show that this alloy contains two basic phases, γ/γ', in addition to these phases, at least two secondary phases may be present, such as MC carbides and Laves phases. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy has finer dendrite, its mean primary dendrite arm space (PDAS) is about 30-45 μm, and the average size of γ' particles is 100-150 nm. However, the dendrite size of the as-cast alloy is much larger and its PDAS is 300-500 μm with secondary and even third dendrite arms. Correspondingly, the alloy displays different tensile behavior with different processing methods, and the as-deposited specimen shows better ultimate tensile stress (1,085.7±51.7 MPa), yield stress (697±19.5 MPa) and elongation (25.8%±2.2%) than that of the as-cast specimen. The differences in mechanical properties of the alloy are due to the different morphology and size of dendrites, γ', and Laves phase, and the segregation of elements, etc. Such important information would be helpful for alloy application as well as new alloy development.     

建筑用钎焊合金的热腐蚀行为研究

研究了建筑用钎焊合金BCo46、DZ468和BNi-2在热腐蚀条件下的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在热腐蚀条件下,合金BCo46的抗腐蚀能力强于合金DZ468和BNi-2。3种合金在热腐蚀环境中都出现了硫化物析出和氧化薄膜溶解现象。     

自动力套管补贴加固技术及其在B125井的应用

随着油田开发时间的延长，油水井井下套管的损坏将越来越严重，套管故障井将越来越多，为了恢复套损井生产，将套管损坏所造成的损失降到最低，在配套波纹管补贴，水动力补贴，爆炸补贴等专门修套技术的基础上，通过认真调查研究，又配套了操作方便简单，适用套管损坏类型广的自动力套管补贴加固技术，使各种套管变形，套管断错（错开没有位移或位移量不大时）、套管破裂，误射孔井段封堵，已射开水层封堵等修井作业的难度进一步降低，从而进一步提高了修复井综合开发经济效益。     

单晶凝固组织的样品尺寸效应

通过对不同直径的单晶样品的凝固实验，研究了样品尺寸对单晶凝固组织的影响规律，研究发现，随样品尺寸减小，单晶凝固组织被细化，尤其一次枝晶间距λ1和枝晶间γ′相尺寸对样品尺寸的依赖性更为明显；样品尺寸影响的要质在于此表面积的变化，进而对凝固过程温度梯度产生影响，最终作用于凝固组织和力学性能，一次枝晶间距λ1和枝晶间γ′尺寸与样品的比表面积近拟呈线性关系，样品尺寸变化，明显改变了单晶生长过程的温度梯度和合金的高温持久寿命。     

An improved analysis of experimental data from 125 I hot-line autoradiographs: allowing for the effects of background grains

In this paper we suggest a new statistical method of correcting the results of hot-line experiments for the effects of background sources and we use the new method to reassess the adequacy of three probability distributions proposed in the literature for image spread from line sources. The data are from sources labelled with ¹²⁵I in semi-thin resin sections 0·4-0·8 μm in thickness. The new method reveals that two of the models describe the empirical distributions more closely than earlier analysis had suggested, and it confirms an increasing relationship between half distance of image spread and the thickness of the source. However, it also confirms that considerable ‘inter hot-line’ experimental variation remains, even after background correction. This suggests that multiple experiments are needed to produce reliable estimates of half distance.     

GJB712A-2001航天用GH4169高温合金锻制圆饼规范介绍

介绍了GH 4 16 9高温合金锻制圆饼规范的修订内容 ,对其主要技术指标作了简要说明 ,并与国外同类标准进行了比较。     

Measurements ofPVTx properties of refrigerant mixture HFC-32+HFC-125 in the gaseous phase

The experimental 156PVTx properties of an important binary refrigerant mixture, HFC-32 (difluoromethane)+HFC-125 (pentafluorethane), have been measured for three compositions, i.e., 50, 60, and 80 wt% HFC-32, by a constant-mass-method coupled with expansion procedure in an extensive range of temperaturesT from 320 to 440 K, of pressuresP from 1.8 to 5.3 M Pa, and of densities p from 50 to 124 kg · m^–3. The experimental uncertainties of the present measurements are estimated to be within ±7 mK in temperature, ±2 kPa in pressure, ±0.2% in density and ±0.02 wt% of HFC-32. The sample purities are 99.998 wt% for HFC-32 and 99.99 wt% for HFC-125. Seventy-eight second and third virial coeflicients for temperatures from 320 to 440 K have been determined by the present measurements.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Ca,Mg对镍基高温合金力学性能和热塑性的影响

本文研究了单加或同时添加微量Ca和Mg对变形及铸态镍基高温合金力学性能和热塑性的影响。试验表明,适量的Mg或Ca、Mg对提高合金的持久断裂寿命、高温拉伸塑性以及改善热塑性都取得良好效果。     

Thermal—Mechanical Fatigue Behavior and Life Analysis of Cast Ni—base Superalloy K417

In-phase(IP) and out-of-phase(OP)thermal-mechanical fatigue(TMF) behavior of cast Ni-base superalloy K417 was studied.All experiments were carried out under total strain control with temperature cycling between 400-850℃.Both in-phase and out-of-phase TMF specimens exhibited cyclic hardening followed by cyclic softening at the minimum temperature.Besides,they cyclically hardened in the early stage of life followed by cyclic softening at the minimum temperature.Besides,they cyclically hardened in the early stage of life followed by cyclic softening at the maximum temperature.OP TMF life was longer than of IP TMF.Various damage mechanisms operating in different controlled strain ranges and phasing were discussed.A few life prediction methods for isothermal fatigue were used to handle TMF fatigue and their applicability to superalloy K417 was evaluated.The SEM analysis of the fracture surface showed that transgranular fracture was the principal cracking mode for both IP and OP TMF.Oxidation was the main damage mechanism in causing shorter fatigue life for IP TMF compared with OP TMF.     

^125I,^131I诱发小鼠精子畸形发生率比较

本文选用 ICR 雄性小鼠,经腹腔分别注射不同剂量的~(125)I 及~(131)I,观察并比较它们对小鼠精子畸形发生率的影响及染毒后睾丸中放射性活度的变化。实验结果表明:(1)~(125)I 染毒后4—5周,0、185、370和555 kBq 各组精子畸形发生率分别为9.00‰、9.57‰、11.6‰及13.9‰;~(131)I 染毒后4—5周,上述各组精子畸形发生率分别为8.50‰、12.5‰、14.7‰和15.5‰;在相同注入量下,~(125)I 与~(131)I 诱发小鼠精子畸形发生率的差异各组均不显著(X~2检验,p>0.05)。(2)~(125)I、~(131)I 染毒后2h 至7天内,两者在睾丸中的放射性活度及变化规律相似,即在染毒后2h 达最高值,每克睾丸中~(125)I 和~(131)I 的放射性活度分别占初始注入量(370 kBq)的0.72％和0.50％,然后迅速下降,至一周时,仅分别占初始注入量的0.035％和0.011％。