Evaluation of fumonisin exposure by determination of fumonisin B1 in human hair and in Brazilian corn products

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary exposure to fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) through determination of residual FB₁ in hair and corn products consumed by 56 volunteers from Pirassununga and Erval Velho, Brazil. Data from FB₁ analyses in corn products and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were used for estimating the mean probable daily intake (PDI_M) for FB₁. FB₁ was detected in 4 human hair samples (7.2%), at a mean level of 21.3 ± 12.1 ng g⁻¹. The mean FB₁ level found in corn products was 360.4 ± 555.1 μg kg⁻¹. The PDI_M value of FB₁ in volunteers was 159 ± 47 ng kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ which represents 7.9% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) recommended for fumonisins. The FB₁ levels found in human hair samples from each volunteer were associated with their individual PDI of FB₁, indicating that exposure to FB₁ in the sample studied do not represent a health concern. This is the first report on the incidence of FB₁ in individual human hair in Brazil.     

印制板液态感光阻焊油墨的工艺控制

本文介绍印制板液态感光阻焊油墨的工艺流程、工艺控制，并对生产中较常出现的几种质量问题进行讨论，进而提出解决措施。     

宝鸡市医用诊断X线照射频度调查

本文报道从1984年6月1日至1985年5月31日对宝鸡市五县(区)医用诊断 X 线照射频度的调查结果。结果表明,胸透和群检胸透医照率最高,占医疗照射总人次数的68.7%,门诊医照率为70.8人次/千人·年,人群受照率为344。5人次/千人·年。按年龄比较,青壮年组医照率最高,占医照总人次数的57.2%。按性别比较,男性多于女性。     

钴—60远距离治疗源的活度

本文简述了钴-60远距离治疗源的照射量率测量、活度计算及其误差分析。结果的合成不确定度分别小于±4%和±10%。同时,它适用于其它高活度钴-60密封源.     

地热、温泉水利用中氡的防护

地热作为一种比较经济、方便的新能源的同时,也给公众和环境带来辐射影响。本文介绍了地热和温泉水中~(222)Rn 的放射性水平及其对人体健康的影响,对地热、温泉水利用中氡的防护措施提出了一些建议。     

彩色显象管曝光台校准仪光学系统的设计

论述了彩色显象管曝光台校准仪的基本原理和光学系统的设计方法，分析了系统测量精度及有关性能参数。     

Personal Exposure in Displacement Ventilated Rooms

Personal exposure in a displacement ventilated room is examined. The stratified flow and the considerable concentration gradients necessitate an improvement of the widely used fully mixing compartmental approach. The exposure of a seated and a standing person in proportion to the stratification height is examined by means of full-scale measurements. A breathing thermal manikin is used to simulate a person. It is found that the flow in the boundary layer around a person is able to a great extent to entrain and transport air from below the breathing zone. In the case of non-passive, heated contaminant sources, this entrainment improves the indoor air quality. Measurements of exposure due to a passive contaminant source show a significant dependence on the flow field as well as on the contaminant source location. Poor system performance is found in the case of a passive contaminant released in the lower part of the room close to the occupant. A personal exposure model for displacement ventilated rooms is proposed. The model takes the influence of gradients and the human thermal boundary layer into account. Two new quantities describing the interaction between a person and the ventilation are defined.     

曝光数据流优化问题的蒙特卡罗算法

集成工艺中控制图形发生器产生掩模图形的数据流文件的数据排列顺序优化,是一个其结点数可达数千个之多的大规模旅行商问题(从镜头架的位置,即每个矩形的矩心为结点),常规算法早已不适用。本文采用多阶段蒙特卡罗算法并加以改进,补充了“分层优化模式”,邻接结点的预合并和在各个阶段末提取共同子路径并删去相关结点等一系列逐步缩小问题规模的措施,形成了一个实用的优化算法。相应的软件已成功地应用于薄膜磁头的数据流文件的优化。     

Confirmation Bias in Online Searches: Impacts of Selective Exposure Before an Election on Political Attitude Strength and Shifts

Impacts of Internet use on political information seeking and subsequent processes have been subject to much debate. A 2‐session online field study presented online search results on political topics to examine selective exposure and its attitudinal impacts. Session 1 captured attitudes, including their accessibility. Session 2 tracked what online search results participants selected and how long they read them; participants then reported attitudes again. The study represented a 4x8x2x2 within‐subjects design: 4 topics, 8 browsing intervals each, with articles presenting opposing stances, with low versus high source credibility. Attitude‐consistent messages and messages from high‐credibility sources were preferred. Exposure to attitude‐consistent search results increased attitude accessibility and reinforced attitudes, whereas exposure to attitude‐discrepant content had opposite effects, regardless of messages' source credibility.     

Application of the Strain Index in multiple task jobs

Six different methods to calculate the Strain Index (SI) scores for jobs with multiple forces/tasks were developed. Exposure data of 733 subjects from 12 different worksites were used to calculate these SI scores. Results show that using different SI computation methods could result in different SI scores, hence different risk level classifications. However, some simpler methods generated SI scores were comparable to the more complicated composite SI method. Despite differences in the scores between the six different SI computation methods, Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients of 0.61-0.97 were found between the methods. With some confidence, ergonomic practitioners may use simpler methods, depending on their specificity requirement in job evaluations and available resources. Some SI computation methods may tend to over-estimate job risk levels, while others may tend to under-estimate job risk levels, due to different ways used in obtaining the various SI parameters and computations.