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1.
Summary We introduce a very simple model for thermally activated atomic migration on a lattice, and several techniques to handle it. For thermodynamical systems, the model can be used for simulating decomposition paths taking into account relevant metallurgical features. Close to equilibrium, the simplest mean-field approximation of the model can be linearized with respect to the departure from equilibrium; one then gets a microscopic interpretation of classical phenomenological coefficients, such as mobility, interfacial transfer coefficient, rate constants for the coupled relaxation of concentration and order fields. Further away from the equilibrium, the nonlinearities can be taken into account in a consistent way. For driven alloys, i.e. alloys submitted to external forcing, forced atomic migration is added to the model and new features emerge: the model is supported by several experimental results some of which confirmed its predictions a posteriori. 相似文献
2.
A. F. Y. Al-Shammary I. T. Caga A. Y. Tata J. M. Winterbottom I. R. Harris 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,55(4):361-367
Alloys of the general formula Zr50NixCO50-x, where 0 ≦x≧ 50, have been prepared and used in the temperature range 300–400°C, in the pressure range 1–9 barg in a microtubular reactor for the reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide to give hydrocarbons. The alloys or intermetallic materials were prepared by argon arc melting, powdered by hydrogen decrepitation and characterised by means of optical microscopy (metallography), scanning electron microscopy with surface analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The selectivity towards higher hydrocarbons increased with (i) increase in the total pressure and (ii) decrease in hydrogen content of the feed gases. The kinetics were found to be of the form: where m = 1.0 ± 0.2 and n = 0. The apparent energy of activation (Ea) lay in the range of 80–130 kJ mole?1 and there appeared to be a compensation effect between Ea and the pre-exponential factor A. The turnover numbers for the reaction exhibited an activity maximum for alloys of composition around Zr50Ni40Co20 and Zr50Ni30Co20. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that alloys changed their nature from moderately paramagnetic to strongly paramagnetic or even ferromagnetic after use and this is attributed to the conversion of zirconium to zirconium oxide during reaction with the attendant production of free 3d-transition metals. Derived catalysts prepared by air treatment of the hydrogen-decrepitated intermetallics behaved almost identically to the latter materials and gave similar magnetic susceptibility values to used hydrided materials. 相似文献
3.
Dong-Bok Lee 《Metals and Materials International》2005,11(4):313-317
An alloy of 51.23Ti−48.73Al−0.4Fe (at.%) was oxidized at 800, 900 and 1000°C in air to determine the effect of Fe on oxidation.
The scales formed consisted of an outer TiO2 layer, an intermediate Al2O3 layer, and an inner mixed (TiO2 Al2O3) layer, typical of conventional TiAl alloys. A small amount of dissolved Fe ions was weakly segregated in the outer TiO2 layer and also in the inner (TiO2−Al2O3) mixed layer. Ti2AIN and TiN were detected in the scale in some instances. A thin, oxygen-affected Ti3Al sublayer formed at the oxide-substrate interface. The overall oxidation kinetics and the scale morphology were not affected
by Fe-addition. 相似文献
4.
1 INTRODUCTIONTheorthorhombicalloysareofgreattech nolog icalinterestinhightemperatureapplicationssincetheyhaveagoodbalanceamongst 相似文献
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Reaction rates in the Mg2Ni---H2 system are still unclear, although they are needed for the process/optimization of hydrogen storage reactors. In this article, the rates of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the magnesium nickel alloy were investigated at different pressures up to 2.0 MPa using a constant-temperature thermogravimetric method. The powder of the alloy was microencapsulated with copper to improve the alloy properties (such as cycling strength) as a pretreatment. In the experiments, weight changes of the smallest amount possible of samples were monitored with the help of an ultra-accurate thermobalance, in order to avoid changes of the sample temperature due to the heat of the reaction. The reaction curves obtained revealed unique dependence of temperature and pressure and influence of thermal hysterisis. It is also possible that hydrogen-absorption and-desorption rates of this hydrogen storage alloy are expressed by the rate equation of first-order reversible reaction. 相似文献
8.
含Zr多晶Ni3Al合金在不同热处理温度下的组织与性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了冷轧多晶Ni3Al-(0.2%,0.6%,1.0%,1.5%)Zr(原子分数)合金在不同热处理温度(800-1100℃)下的显微组织和力学性能,结果表明,适当的热处理温度,可使无硼Ni3Al-Zr多晶合金获得优良的室温拉伸强度和塑性,随着热处理温度的升高,不同Zr含量Ni3Al合金的再结晶体积分数增加,再结晶晶粒尺寸增大,室温拉伸强度下降.随着合金中Zr含量的增加,再结晶温度降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小.不同Zr含量Ni3Al合金的拉伸塑性明显依赖于热处理温度,对于低Zr(0.2%)合金,在1000℃热处理后,拉伸塑性最佳;对于中Zr(0.6%)合金,在850℃热处理后,拉伸塑性达到最大值;对于高Zr(≥1.0%)合金,拉伸塑性峰值出现在900℃热处理下,当热处理温度超过900℃,拉伸塑性显著降低。 相似文献
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10.
BASKES M. I. 《金属学报(英文版)》1995,(Z1)
ATOMISTICSIMULATIONSFORNi/AlINTERMETALLICSBASKESM.I.(SandiaNationalLaboratories,Livermore,Califormia)Abstract:AlargenumberofE... 相似文献