发电机无功储备的定义和评估

从发电机无功储备的有效性和方向性2个角度,定义了4种发电机无功储备,建立了最小发电机无功储备的计算模型,并提出了基于粒子群优化算法的求解方法。算例分析表明,所提定义清晰地揭示了发电机无功储备的构成,便于无功储备的定量分析和研究;所得最小无功储备分析结果有助于充分利用发电机的无功电压控制能力,提高系统运行的经济性,对评估系统无功储备的充裕性和系统的静态电压稳定性也具有一定的价值。     

万兆以太网技术及应用

万兆以太网（10GbE)是一种高速以太网技术，这种以太网采用IEEE802.3以太网媒体访问控制（MAC）协议、帧格式和帧长度。它的优点是减少网络的复杂性，兼容现有的局域网技术，降低系统费用，并提供更快、更新的数据业务。10GbE与弹性分组数据环（RPR）结合产生的10GRPR技术。吸收了10GbE的经济性、光纤环网的高带宽效率和可靠性，是一种非常有潜力的宽带城域网技术。     

丙泊酚对吗啡鞘内注射所致瘙痒大鼠脊髓内胃泌素释放肽受体的影响

目的:观察丙泊酚对鞘内注射吗啡所致瘙痒大鼠脊髓膨大中胃泌素释放肽受体（gastrin-releasing peptide receptor,GRPR）的影响,并探讨其缓解瘙痒的可能作用机制。方法:将30只造模成功的大鼠随机分为8、16、24、32、60 min组5组,分别在40 μg/kg吗啡鞘内注射10 min后的第8、16、24、32、60 min处死,行Western blot检测脊髓膨大处GRPR蛋白表达水平。另将48只造模成功的大鼠随机分为对照组、丙泊酚组、生理盐水组和脂肪乳剂组4组,经鞘内注射相同容量生理盐水或吗啡40 μg/kg后10 min,分别经颈内静脉注射相同容量的生理盐水80 μL/kg、丙泊酚0.8 mg/kg、生理盐水80 μL/kg或脂肪乳剂80 μL/kg。每组选择6只大鼠用摄像机记录注射生理盐水或吗啡前30 min和后60 min内的搔抓次数。其余大鼠在给药10 min后的第32 min处死,用于Western blot及免疫荧光检测脊髓膨大处GRPR蛋白的表达情况。结果:Western blot结果显示,32 min组大鼠GRPR蛋白表达量明显减少（P<0.05）,其余各组之间差异无统计学意义。与生理盐水组及脂肪乳剂组相比,丙泊酚组搔抓次数减少（P<0.01）;Western blot结果显示,对照组及丙泊酚组的GRPR蛋白表达量较低（P<0.05）,生理盐水组与脂肪乳剂组的表达量相近。结论:低剂量丙泊酚静注可缓解大鼠鞘内注射吗啡所致搔抓行为,并减少瘙痒大鼠脊髓膨大中GRPR的表达。     

PSMA,EpCAM, VEGF and GRPR as Imaging Targets in Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer after Radiotherapy

In this retrospective pilot study, the expression of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in locally recurrent prostate cancer after brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was investigated, and their adequacy for targeted imaging was analyzed. Prostate cancer specimens were collected of 17 patients who underwent salvage prostatectomy because of locally recurrent prostate cancer after brachytherapy or EBRT. Immunohistochemistry was performed. A pathologist scored the immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and stroma. Staining for PSMA was seen in 100% (17/17), EpCAM in 82.3% (14/17), VEGF in 82.3% (14/17) and GRPR in 100% (17/17) of prostate cancer specimens. Staining for PSMA, EpCAM and VEGF was seen in 0% (0/17) and for GRPR in 100% (17/17) of the specimens’ stromal compartments. In 11.8% (2/17) of cases, the GRPR staining intensity of prostate cancer was higher than stroma, while in 88.2% (15/17), the staining was equal. Based on the absence of stromal staining, PSMA, EpCAM and VEGF show high tumor distinctiveness. Therefore, PSMA, EpCAM and VEGF can be used as targets for the bioimaging of recurrent prostate cancer after EBRT to exclude metastatic disease and/or to plan local salvage therapy.     

考虑静态并联无功补偿的发电机无功储备优化方法

基于考虑有效性和方向性的发电机无功储备定义,提出了考虑静态并联无功补偿的最小发电机有效无功储备优化模型。采用Benders分解算法的思想,将原问题分解为正常运行方式下的主问题和预想非正常运行方式下的子问题,并设计了降低模型求解规模的子问题筛选算法,提高了Benders算法的求解效率。最后,由针对IEEE 39节点系统的算例分析验证了所提算法的有效性。