Neural network systems to reproduce crash behavior of structural components

The use of neural networks as global approximation tool in crashworthiness problems is here investigated. Neural networks are not only asked to return some meaningful indices of the structural behavior but also to reproduce load-time curves during crash phenomena. To contain the number of examples required for the training process, parallel subsystems of small neural networks are designed. Design points for the training process are obtained by explicit finite element analyses performed by PAMCRASH. The settlement of the points in the design domain is defined using a maximum distance concept. The procedure is applied to different typical absorption structures made of aluminum alloy: riveted tubes, honeycomb structures, longitudinal keel beam and intersection elements of helicopter subfloors.     

装载机多路阀操纵系统改进设计

论述了装载机现行的操纵机构,分析了液压先导操纵阀的应用局限性。介绍了气动助力器的工作原理,通过对操纵杆上的期望力分析计算获得满足性能要求的操纵力。装载机操纵机构借助助力器的助力作用,可以用较小的操纵力对装载机进行轻松操纵,从而使操作轻便灵活。     

An on-line learning neural controller for helicopters performing highly nonlinear maneuvers

This paper presents an on-line learning adaptive neural control scheme for helicopters performing highly nonlinear maneuvers. The online learning adaptive neural controller compensates the nonlinearities in the system and uncertainties in the modeling of the dynamics to provide the desired performance. The control strategy uses a neural controller aiding an existing conventional controller. The neural controller is based on a online learning dynamic radial basis function network, which uses a Lyapunov based on-line parameter update rule integrated with a neuron growth and pruning criteria. The online learning dynamic radial basis function network does not require a priori training and also it develops a compact network for implementation. The proposed adaptive law provides necessary global stability and better tracking performance. Simulation studies have been carried-out using a nonlinear (desktop) simulation model similar to that of a BO105 helicopter. The performances of the proposed adaptive controller clearly shows that it is very effective when the helicopter is performing highly nonlinear maneuvers. Finally, the robustness of the controller has been evaluated using the attitude quickness parameters (handling quality index) at different speed and flight conditions. The results indicate that the proposed online learning neural controller adapts faster and provides the necessary tracking performance for the helicopter executing highly nonlinear maneuvers.     

基于LQR直升机模糊滑模跟踪控制

研究直升机系统稳定性优化问题,由于直升机系统的强耦合和非线性特性的影响,使飞行的稳定性和实时跟踪性差。为解决上述问题,对直升机原始数学模型进行近似线性化和解耦处理,采用模糊滑模控制方法实现直升机姿态角度的跟踪控制。首先,在滑模面的设计中引入最优线性二次型调节器,构建一种积分型切换面。其次,以切换面及导数的乘积和滑模切换增益的变化量为模糊系统的变量,实时调整变结构控制项的切换增益。仿真结果表明,通过控制器设计能够实现直升机姿态角度跟踪的稳定性,对外界不确定干扰具有强鲁棒性且控制器输出抖振问题得到明显改善。     

由沥青制备多孔炭的工艺研究

采用沥青加发泡剂加炭黑制备了孔结构较好的多孔炭材料，分析和讨论了该工艺中沥青、发泡剂及炭黑的作用和影响，对多孔炭材料进行了力学性能测试和微观电镜观察分析，探讨了其可能的应用前景。     

真空助力器带制动主缸变液压输出耐久性测试系统的设计与应用

介绍了基于USB2828数据采集卡的真空助力器带制动主缸耐久性试验测试系统,具体阐述了在制动主缸输出液压不断变化的情况下进行耐久性测试的实现方法。该测试系统完全不同于汽车行业标准规定的试验方法,具有一定的创新性。实践结果表明该系统运行稳定可靠,输入力控制精准,液压和真空数据采集实时,可以满足各合资品牌乘用车主机厂对真空助力器带制动主缸耐久性试验的要求。     

基于切换模型的无人直升机偏航通道系统辨识方法?

针对直升机偏航通道中舵机控制量的饱和非线性问题,提出基于切换模型的无人直升机偏航通道系统辨识方法。首先分析无人机偏航通道的特征,建立包含饱和单元的切换模型。其次通过扫频实验采集辨识所需的数据,并在频域下采用遗传算法辨识得到切换模型的所有参数。再根据实验数据分析辨识模型的残差序列,得到系统的残差模型,并利用该残差模型修正辨识得到的无人机偏航通道模型,进一步提高模型的准确度。最后通过实验数据分析文中模型的准确性,并利用该模型设计无人机飞行控制器。实验结果也证明模型的有效性。     

Nonlinear optimized adaptive trajectory control of helicopter

This paper attempts to develop an optimized adaptive trajectory control system for helicopters based on the dynamic inversion method. This control algorithm is implemented by three time-scale separation architectures. Pseudo control hedging (PCH) is used to protect the adaptive element from actuator saturation nonlinearities and also from the inner-outer-loop interaction. In addition, to augment the attitude control system, two online adaptive architectures that employ a neural network are used. By tuning the neural network based on the system model, a better and faster learning will be achieved, but this is a frustrating and time consuming process. Due to complexity in accurate tuning of neural network, this paper introduces a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for off-line optimization of the neural network. Thus, in the proposed method, the neural network can compensate model inversion error caused by the deficiency of full knowledge of helicopter dynamics more accurately. The effectiveness of proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.     

PLC在老虎潭引水工程加压系统中的应用

目前大多数引水工程建设,远距离输水需要中途加压,才能使水源满足城市供水要求,为此采用PLC,使控制程序既具有处理复杂逻辑控制的能力,又具有方便修改流程参数的能力。在分析具体监测系统控制流程的基础上,介绍了利用PLC的梯形图编程进行逻辑控制的方法,给出了程序原理图,讨论了温度保护、变频调速控制、数据采集和处理等主要问题的处理方法。具体应用说明采用PLC通过编写梯形图进行引水工程加压控制,可有效地提高加压系统的工作效率。     

直升机飞行视景仿真实现

为了用视景仿真技术模拟直升机的飞行姿态,通过三维视景建模软件Multigen Creator,建立了直升机、地形场景的视景模型,以三维仿真软件包OpenGVS作为图形开发引擎,用现代软件工程的方法,在VisualC++6.0平台上构建了直升机飞行仿真软件的整体框架,完成其中关键模块的代码编写.对于输入模块,用游戏杆作为视点变换的控制工具,运用Direct-Input接口技术对其编程.通过实例运行所编制代码,在飞行操作杆控制下,系统在飞行模拟过程中实时跟随性较好,达到理想的飞行仿真效果,从而为以后进一步研究直升机综合操纵特性和飞行品质作了一个预先性仿真研究.