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1.
Measurements of the growth rate of roughness on a cathode surface can be used to study the physics of cathodic processes. But these growth rates are cell wide variables and they ordinarily depend on what is taking place at the anode as well as at the cathode. Our aim is to derive a simple condition under which the anode makes no contribution to the interpretation of growth rate measurements at the cathode.Our condition stems from the contribution of ion diffusion to the growth rate and it is satisfied for all non-small values of the wave number of a growing disturbance. This, together with the fact that surface tension is the only stabilizing factor and the fact that the surface tension coefficient multiplying the wave number is small, means that the anode ought not to be important for the fastest growing wave numbers.Once the effect of the anode is eliminated, the growth rate at the cathode can be expressed in a formula so simple that pencil and paper calculations are possible and this makes important questions in cell design easy to answer, e.g., is the growth rate diffusion controlled? 相似文献
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Patterns in the solidification of a pure material are dealt with in this article. Results, deduced from a simple model based on heat conduction in the two phases and the effect of surface tension on the equilibrium temperature at the moving front, present a guide for experimental work. By introducing far-field conditions imitating what can be achieved in an experiment, we explain how the depths of the phases and the width of the container influence the patterns that can be seen if one advances the control variable to the critical point and then just beyond. Our new result is the existence of a third critical point. It occurs at small wave numbers and it is independent of surface tension. It appears because we take the depths of the phases into account. These depths are input values that offer the possibility of controlling crest-to-trough conduction, stabilizing in the solid, destabilizing in the liquid. The new critical point, and the patterns attending its appearance, can be found in cells of easily attainable widths. 相似文献
4.
利用变温和变磁场霍尔测试对在空气室温环境长期存放的碲镉汞液相处延晶膜作了定期的检测,结果表明,晶膜的电学性质随时间有明显的改变,本文采用非均匀晶膜的层状模型对晶膜的不稳定性作了详细的分析。 相似文献
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Characterizing steel tube for hydroforming applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. S. Levy C. J. Van Tyne J. M. Stringfield 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2004,150(3):280-289
With the increased use of tubular steel products, especially for hydroforming applications, it is important to be able to predict the performance of tube from sheet tensile tests. In the present study, two aluminum killed draw quality (AKDQ) steels and one high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel were evaluated. Tensile properties and plastic strain ratios were measured on sheet material in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Axial tensile tests were performed on material extracted from production tubes. Material from quasi tubes, which are strip material bent to the same curvature as the tubes but not welded or sized, was also tested. Residual stresses in the production and quasi tube were determined by displacement methods. A hydraulic burst test was performed on the production tubes to simulate a hydroforming operation. Effective strains resulting from tubemaking are calculated for two discrete operations: bending and sizing. For the production tubes, a linear relationship was found between a load factor (strength times thickness) and effective sizing strain. The relationship between load factor and residual stress was also linear. Predictions of the maximum pressure and the strain at instability during a hydraulic burst test are shown to compare favorably with experimental values, based on flat sheet properties and tubemaking strains. The prediction of the yield strength in the tube based on flat sheet properties is shown to be fairly accurate when the effective sizing strain is small compared to the effective bending strain. 相似文献
7.
大浓度范围内PV型旋风分离器粒级效率的计算方法 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
探讨了旋风分离器入口含尘浓度对其分离性能及粒级效率的影响机理。对旋风分离器内部气固两相运动进行了相似分析,得到了包括入口含尘浓度在内的一系列影响分离性能的相似准数。通过相似试验及试验数据的多元回归分析,建立了各相似准数与粒级效率的关系,得出了能精确估计大浓度范围内PV型旋风分离器粒级效率的计算公式。 相似文献
8.
The onset of thermal convection in a translucent porous layer is considered. Attention is focused on the effect of radiative heat transfer on the critical Rayleigh-Darcy number and the convection cell shape. If we consider the contribution of radiative heat transfer, the basic temperature profile is non-linear and the thermal convective instability is influenced by the ratio of conduction to radiation heat flux, the temperatures at the boundary surfaces, and radiative parameters such as wall emissivity, scattering albedo and extinction coefficient as well as the usual Rayleigh-Darcy number. Effects of these parameters on the onset of convective instability are investigated with the help of linear stability theory employing the Darcy's law and the radiative transport equation simplified by the P1 approximation. The increased effective thermal conductivity due lo the radiation inhibits the onset of convection and causes increased critical Rayleigh-Darcy number and decreased convection cell size. The results of the present work may be exploited to find out the optimal diameter of aerogel pellets and the air pressure in the double pane window filled with the translucent silica aerogel granules to suppress natural convection. 相似文献
9.
本文综合研究了螺带式搅拌器在假塑性液体中的混合特性及动力特性,测定了双螺带,内外螺带及螺带螺旋3种类型搅拌器的功率常数Kp和Metaner常数Ks,并得出混匀操作和传质工艺过程的放大准则。 相似文献
10.
The onset of hydrodynamical instability induced by impulsive spin-down to rest in a cylinder containing a Newtonian fluid
is analyzed by using propagation theory. It is well-known that the primary transient swirl flow is laminar, but with initial
high velocities secondary motion sets in at a certain time. The dimensionless critical time Τc to mark the onset of instability is presented here as a function of the Reynolds number Re. Available experimental data indicate
that for large Re deviation of the velocity profiles from their momentum diffusion occurs starting from a certain time Τ≈4Τc. This means that secondary motion is detected at this characteristic time. It seems evident that during Τc⪯Τ⪯4Τc, secondary motion is relatively very weak and the primary diffusive momentum transfer is dominant. 相似文献