SISAK快速化学分离装置的建立

SISAK(Short-lived Isotopes Studies by the AKUFVE technique)技术是目前使用最广泛的快速化学分离方法之一,主要应用在短寿命核素的分离和鉴别、超重元素的人工合成以及化学性质研究等方面的工作中.本文简单地叙述了SISAK技术的流程、原理和发展现状,介绍了自行建立的国内第一套基于SISAK技术的快速化学分离装置,并通过从裂变产物中分离短寿命核素这一实例验证了SISAK技术在快速化学分离中的优越性.     

二噁英、多氯联苯和氯丙醇的痕量与超痕量检测技术研究

为建立食品中二噁英、多氯联苯和氯丙醇的检测技术并达到国际水平，将稳定性同位素稀释质谱技术应用到中国食品安全和环境分析领域，针对不同目标化合物分别建立了高分辩磁质谱、四极杆低分辩质谱和离子阱串联质谱的标准化检测技术，特别是采用双同位素稀释同时测定4种氯丙醇的技术。通过对EPA1613A／1668A、FDA4084和EPSI／RM／31、AOAC2000．01等国际先进方法用食品（鱼、鱼油、鹿肉、奶粉和猪油）和环境样品（飞灰、土壤和底泥）开展对比筛选和一系列实验室闻协同性验证，确立了二噁英和多氯联苯的稳定性同位素稀释质谱检测方法，建立了用双稳定性同位素进行酱油中单氯取代和双氯取代氯丙醇同时测定的方法，提出了符合国际规范的技术方案，作为国家标准方法待颁布。利用该检测技术在中国首次开展鱼贝类和土壤中污染的二噁英和多氯联苯同系物类型特征指纹库研究和酱油中氯丙醇的大规模调查，获得了中国人群膳食二噁英毒性当量和氯丙醇摄入状况的暴露数据，不仅证明所建立的方法实用、可行，也为我国履行承诺摸清了家底，提供了依据。     

ANALYSIS OF DEUTERIUM CONTENT IN HYDROCARBONS VIA CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY

The deuterium content of hydrocarbons can be successfully determined using peak shape analysis of high resolution capillary chromatograms.     

Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater circulation in the Xi’an geothermal field, China

Geothermal waters from the Tertiary aquifers located at 1000–3000 m beneath Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, China, show unique isotopic composition as compared to local groundwaters from shallower Quaternary aquifers. Positive oxygen shifts of as much as 8‰ VSMOW are observed, while the corresponding δ²H values remain essentially constant at about −80‰ VSMOW, which is significantly different from those of waters in the Quaternary aquifers with a mean δ²H value of −60‰ VSMOW. The strong ¹⁸O shift is a result of isotope exchange between geothermal water and carbonate minerals such as calcite over a residence time of several thousand years up to 30,000 years, based on ¹⁴C dating. A comparison of the isotopic composition of geothermal waters with neighbouring groundwater units on both sides of the Guanzhong Basin indicates that the geothermal reservoirs are recharged by rain that falls on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, south of the Xi’an geothermal field, but not from the North Mountains to the north of the field. Based on chemical geothermometers the highest temperature estimated for the Tertiary aquifers of the Xi’an area is around 130 °C.     

Vanadium of petroleum asphaltenes and source kerogens (La Luna Formation, Venezuela): isotopic study and origin

High-resolution mass spectrometry indicates that the isotopic abundance of ⁵⁰vanadium (V) of the Late Cretaceous La Luna petroleum asphaltenes and related source kerogens of marine origin (both highly enriched with V>2000 ppm) is higher by about 3.5% than that of inorganic source (VOSO₄·5H₂O, Merck). Similar results are obtained with the isotopic analysis of the asphaltenes (containing high V) extracted from the floating asphalts (Dead Sea, Israel). We propose that the difference in the ⁵⁰V/⁵¹V values between the La Luna petroleum asphaltenes/source kerogens and inorganic source can be best ascribed to the biological processing of the seawater V. The fact that the isotopic composition of V of the vary over a very narrow range (2.46-2.52) suggests an essentially same (or similar) and fixed (micro)biological source of V. Isotopic analysis was also extended to the methanol-soluble fractions of the La Luna asphaltic petroleums (DM-119/-120/-124) highly enriched with extractable (alkyl) vanadyl-porphyrins (VO²⁺-P). This analysis shows that the isotopic abundance of ⁵⁰V for the methanol-soluble fractions agrees (within the limits of experimental error) with those of the asphaltenes/kerogens.     

云南大坪金矿床围岩蚀变和同位素地球化学特征

云南大坪金矿床主要赋存于闪长岩体中。由围岩至矿脉,形成自变质闪长岩带、绿泥石化带和碳酸盐化带的蚀变围岩分带,后二带与金矿化关系密切,宽度不一,渐渐过渡。在绿泥石化带中,带出的成分有SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O、FeO、Fe₂O₃、MnO、CaO、MgO、H₂O⁺、Li、W、Ta、Zr、V、Sc、Sn、Mo、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Au 和LREE,带入的成分有K₂O、P₂O₅、Ba、HREE(包括Y)、Ag、Zn。碳酸盐化带过程中, 带出的成分有SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O、K₂O、Ba、HREE(包括Y)、Mo、Sn、Pb、Zn、Ag,带入的成分有FeO、Fe₂O₃、M nO、CaO、MgO、H₂O+、P₂O₅、Li、Ta、Zr、V、Sc、Cr、Co、Ni、Au 和LREE,基本不变的成分有W、Cu。矿脉中铁白云石的δ¹⁴C值为-4.81‰,接近于深成碳;(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)为0.709019±72,∈Nd (0)为-17.34, fSm/Nd为-0.34,起源于地壳;蚀变强烈的围岩的δ¹⁸O值高,表明蚀变热液为非大气降水;金属硫化物(黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿)的δ³⁴S为-4.0‰～11.1‰,成矿热液的Σ³⁴S从早阶段到晚阶段增高。     

碳化硼中硼同位素丰度的质谱测量

通过直接测量碳化硼(B4C)粉末中硼同位素丰度组成,对固态涂样方式下硼热电离质谱测量方法进行研究。研究了涂样技术、升温程序、氧同位素影响扣除等问题。研究结果表明,直接针对固态B4C样品进行质谱测量,可简化样品化学前处理流程,缩短测量时间,减少实验人员所受剂量。     

《同位素》收录及载文被引分析

伴随我国核科技事业的发展,核科技期刊的数量和质量也在平稳发展.截至2012年底,中国学术期刊网络出版总库收录的核科技类期刊已有21种.本文在比较两种主要的中文核心期刊评价体系（《中国科技期刊引证报告》和《中文核心期刊要目总览》）的基础上,以《中国学术期刊网络出版总库》数为依据,对近10年来《同位素》载文被引用情况进行统计和分析,初步剖析《同位素》期刊的学术影响力和发展趋势,制定约稿组稿方案,指导选题策划,利用信息管理学的方法分析《同位素》核心作者,为进一步提高期刊质量提供参考.     

Characterization of Swiss vineyards using isotopic data in combination with trace elements and classical parameters

The objective of this work was to study methods to check the geographical origin of Swiss wines. Authentic grape samples from the vintages 2000 and 2001 were collected in representative locations, and the wines produced from these samples were subjected to isotopic (²H/¹H_ethanol; ¹⁸O/¹⁶O_{wine water}), elemental (Mn, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr, Zn) and FT-IR (ethanol, pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, malic acid, fructose, tartaric acid, lactic acid, succinate, citric acid, glycerol, 2,3-butandiol, dry matter and relative density (d₂₀)) analyses. The results showed that the variables ¹⁸O/¹⁶O_{wine water}, strontium, rubidium, and ethanol%, when considered in a monovariate approach, allowed the best discrimination of the geographical origins of Swiss wines. By using a combination of all variables (multivariate approach), Switzerland was divided in four main production zones with a separation power that has never before been achieved. These zones were defined as Tessin, Valais, Romandie and Alemanique. A fifth zone (Graubünden) could be evidenced in vintage 2001.     

Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of the Efteni and Derdin geothermal areas,Turkey

The Efteni and Derdin geothermal areas are located in northwestern Turkey. Relatively low-temperature springs emerge from the Duzce Fault, a normal-component-dominated fault segment of the North Anatolian Fault System. The thermal waters of the Efteni and Derdin Springs show distinct geochemical and isotopic characteristics since they originate from different geothermal reservoirs and reflect the effects of different water–rock interaction processes. Geothermometry revealed higher reservoir temperatures for the Efteni system, however a strong δ¹⁸O shift, interpreted as being the result of isotopic exchange at high temperatures, was observed in the Derdin system. Hydrogeological and geochemical techniques are applied to identify recharge mechanisms, water–rock interaction processes and to construct conceptual models of these geothermal systems.