CHAOTIC HYDRODYNAMICS IN HORIZONTAL GAS-LIQUID BUBBLY FLOW

ＮＯＭＥＮＣＬＡＴＵＲＥｄ———ｅｍｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ ,ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓＣｄ(ｒ)———ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｕｍ ,ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓＮ———ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐａｉｒｓｏｆｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｎ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄａｔｔｒａｃｔｏｒ,ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓｒ———ｓｃａｌｉｎｇｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ,ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓＤｃ ———ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ ,ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓＫ———Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖｅｎｔｒｏｐｙ ,ｂｉｔｓ/ｓＲ…     

Void formation and growth in a class of compressible solids

A new class of compressible elastic solids, which includes the Blatz-Ko material as a special case, is proposed. A closed-form solution is constructed and studied for a bifurcation problem modeling void formation in this class of compressible elastic solids. The relation between the void-formation condition and the material parameters is obtained analytically. An energy comparison of the void-formation deformation and the homogeneous expansion deformation is carried out.     

黄铜中纳米级微裂纹的形核与钝化

黄铜薄膜试样在透射电镜中原位拉伸观察表明，在平衡条件下加载裂发出的位错纯化成无位错区，它是一个应变很高的异常弹性区。当缺口足够锐，外加载荷足够大时，这个非线弹性区中的应力有可能达到原子键合力，从而使纳米级微裂纹在无位错区中不连续形核，或从钝化的原裂纹顶端形核。这个微裂纹一昊形核，即使保持恒位移，也将钝化成空洞或缺口。     

RTM工艺中气泡形成及消除研究

总结了关于RTM（树脂压铸）工艺中气泡缺陷的文献报道，对RTM中气泡缺陷的形成机理、影响因素及各研究者提出的消泡方法、理论和模型进行了概述，同时对RTM工艺中气泡缺陷的研究现状给予充分关注，并对RTM缺陷研究的未来方向进行了展望。     

Statistical properties of interparticle/void distance for amorphous plastics toughening

Statistical properties of interparticle/void distance (ID) for various particle/void and dispersion types are studied in relation with toughening of plastics using computer‐generated three‐dimensional models. Particle/void size groups adopted were either of constant diameter or of log‐normal distribution. Particles/voids were dispersed at uniform‐random or flocculated with multiple clusters. It was found that IDs are (a) of approximately Gaussian distribution for particles/voids of either a constant diameter or a log‐normal distribution, when they are dispersed at uniform‐random, but (b) not of Gaussian distribution for particle/void sizes of bimodal log‐normal distribution, nor for flocculated log‐normal distribution of particles/voids dispersed with multiple clusters. It was also found that the degree of ID uniformity for a single group of log‐normally sized particles/voids is not sensitive to standard deviation of particle/void size. Mixing effect on ID properties using two groups of log‐normally distributed particles/voids with similar mean particle/void diameters was simulated. It was found that, when a significant amount (36 vol %) of particles/voids of a small mean and standard deviation of ID was mixed with a group of particles/voids of a large mean and standard deviation of ID, mean and standard deviation of ID for the mixture were not substantially lower than those of the group of particles/voids of the large mean and standard deviation of ID. It was also found that the degree of ID uniformity for the mixture of the two groups was lower than those of individual groups, indicating that the mixing has deleterious effect on toughening. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4256–4262, 2006     

基于最小巡游概率的网络空洞平衡唤醒算法

在网络移动Agent(MA)模式下环形路由设计中,由于网络数据包传输冲突产生空洞,需要设计空洞平衡唤醒算法,以平衡网络能量,延长网络寿命。传统方法采用自适应学习粒子群算法,构建C/S模式下的空洞平衡唤醒算法,由于网络能耗不均衡也将容易使网络产生信息空洞的孤岛节点,性能不好。提出一种基于最小巡游概率的移动Agent的能量平衡环形路由信息空洞唤醒算法,建立最小跳数链路与梯度环,提供MA休眠和唤醒所需能量,进行MA迁移与数据回传,进行最小跳数链路路由算法设计,构建最小巡游概率判别准则与整体网络拓扑结构,实现网络信息空洞平衡唤醒算法的改进。仿真结果表明,该算法能数据包跳数构建网络拓扑,有效抑制了数据包在同一梯度内重传现象,通过最小概率巡游,有效减少因节点死亡而产生网络空洞的概率,有效克服网络能耗不均衡也产生信息空洞的孤岛节点,sink节点会相继收到由内环到外环各层MA所回传的融合数据,有效延长网络使用寿命,提高系统稳定性。     

球磨效率探讨

主要讨论了球石的装载量、球石空隙率、球石级配、泥浆密度等因素对球磨效率的影响。运用正交试验优选了各因素。     

Films formed from polystyrene latex/clay composites: A fluorescence study

This study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature (t₃) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film improved considerably. Scattered light (I_s) and fluorescence intensity (I_p) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I_tr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite films. Minimum film formation temperature, T_q, and healing temperatures, T_h, were determined. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films.     

Localized swelling of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy rollers in high-temperature applications

Localized swelling has been observed in 24Cr-24Ni-Nb steel transportation rollers used in the normalizing furnace of a plate mill after prolonged service at high temperature. Due to high localized thermal and mechanical stresses, the chromia layer formed on the roller surface ruptures, exposing the roller substrate to furnace oxygen. Oxidation of second-phase carbides results in the formation of carbon monoxide at very high partial pressure. This leads to formation of voids, leading in turn to localized swelling of the roller material.     

Substitutional diffusion and Kirkendall effect in binary crystalline solids containing discrete vacancy sources and sinks

We investigate vacancy-mediated diffusion in a binary substitutional alloy by explicitly accounting for discrete vacancy sources and sinks. The regions between sources and sinks are treated as binary crystals with a perfect lattice structure containing a dilute concentration of vacancies. The sources and sinks are assumed ideal, maintaining an equilibrium vacancy concentration in their immediate vicinity. Diffusion within the perfect lattice is described with a diffusion-coefficient matrix determined by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for a binary, thermodynamically ideal alloy in which the components have different vacancy-exchange frequencies. Continuum simulations are performed for diffusion couples with discrete grain boundaries acting as vacancy sources and sinks. Effective grain coarsening due to the Kirkendall effect is observed even in the absence of Gibbs-Thomson driving forces. As in standard ternary systems, uphill diffusion is observed. We also find that the drift of the lattice frame of reference as a result of the Kirkendall effect increases with the source/sink density. Upon increasing the density of vacancy sources and sinks, we recover the conventional treatment of substitutional diffusion, which assumes a dense and uniform distribution of vacancy sources and sinks that maintain an equilibrium vacancy concentration throughout the solid. The inverse Kirkendall effect, where the slower component segregates at grain boundaries acting as vacancy sinks, is also observed in the simulations.