Effects of the nanostructured SiO2 coating on the performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials for high-voltage Li-ion batteries

LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ spinels coated with various amounts of fumed silica have been synthesized and investigated as cathode materials for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries at the elevated temperature (55 °C). The morphology and structure of the coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ samples were characterized by XRD, TEM and EDX. It was found that the surfaces of the coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ samples are covered with a porous, amorphous, nanostructured SiO₂ layer. The results of electrochemical experiments showed that the SiO₂-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ samples display obviously improved capacity retention rate, and the improvement effect enhances with the increase of SiO₂ content. The XPS results revealed that the surfaces of the SiO₂-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode materials have relatively low content of LiF, and this is mainly responsible for their improved electrochemical cycling stability.     

Low temperature solid-state synthesis routine and mechanism for Li3V2(PO4)3 using LiF as lithium precursor

Monoclinic lithium vanadium phosphate, Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, has been successfully synthesized using LiF as lithium source. The one-step reaction with stoichiometric composition and relative lower sintering temperature (700 °C) has been used in our experimental processes. The solid-state reaction mechanism using LiF as lithium precursor has been studied by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The Rietveld refinement results show that in our product sintered at 700 °C no impurity phases of VPO₄, Li₅V(PO₄)₂F₂, or LiVPO₄F can be detected. The solid-state reaction using Li₂CO₃ as Li-precursor has also been carried out for comparison. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that impurities as Li₃PO₄ can be found in the product using Li₂CO₃ as Li-precursor unless the sintering temperatures are higher than 850 °C. An abrupt particle growth (about 2 μm) has also been observed by scanning electron microscope for the samples sintered at higher temperatures, which can result in a poor cycle performance. The product obtained using LiF as Li-precursor with the uniform flake-like particles and smaller particle size (about 300 nm) exhibits the better performance. At the 50th cycle, the reversible specific capacities for Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ measured between 3 and 4.8 V at 1C rate are found to approach 147.1 mAh/g (93.8% of initial capacity). The specific capacity of 123.6 mAh/g can even be hold between 3 and 4.8 V at 5C rate.     

ITO/NPB/Alq_3/LiF/Al电致发光器件光电特性

针对有机电致发光器件发光效率低、稳定性差的问题,设计制备了ITO/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al多层有机电致发光器件.测试了器件的电流电压特性、器件的亮度电压特性、器件的电致发光光谱.结果表明,当外加电压为16V时,器件的电流达到最大值21.70mA,器件的亮度达到了11 700cd/m2;当外加电压为14 V时,电致发光光谱波峰位于528 nm处,归一化强度最大值为0.522 1a.u.制备的器件电子注入能力、电流和亮度均得到了增强.     

LiF对自保护药芯焊丝电弧稳定性的影响

采用AHXV电弧分析仪研究了芯料组成中LiF对自保护药芯焊丝焊接电弧稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，在自保护药芯焊丝中加入LiF，能够减小焊接电流的波动范围，使焊接电弧的稳定性得到改善，但LiF的加入量应控制在合适的范围内，加入量太少稳弧作用不明显，加入量过多能导致焊接飞溅增大及由于吸潮而带来的的气孔等问题。     

有机电致发光器件的阴极研究

介绍了用Al/LiF双层阴极和发光层Alq3制成的有机电致发光器件(OLED),研究了绝缘层LiF对电子注入所起的作用。实验发现,LiF的引入对电子注入起到了显著的促进作用,当LiF层取最佳厚度1nm时,器件发光亮度和效率得到了明显提高,达到了14700cd·m-2和3.117cd·A-1。此外还研究了不同厚度Al阴极对OLED器件性能的影响,实验表明,随着厚度的增加,外部量子效率和亮度先增加后减少,存在一个约为100nm的最佳厚度。     

Growth and optical properties of LiF/LaF3 eutectic crystals

Neutron imaging devices employing a scintillator can be used in various fields, and eutectic crystals can be suitable for the imaging with a fine position resolution of a few hundred micrometers. Since LiF and LaF₃ have different refractive indexes of 1.41 and 1.64 at 300 nm, respectively, the eutectic crystal is expected to behave as a scintillator with light guiding properties. Thus, the optical properties of Ce-doped LiF/LaF₃ eutectic crystal grown by micro-pulling down method were investigated. The light output of LiF/Ce:LaF₃ eutectic crystal was relatively small. The emission peaks at 300 nm originating from Ce³⁺ of 5d–4f transition were observed under excitation by UV photons and 5.5 MeV alpha rays. Moreover, the photo-luminescence decay time of Ce-doped LiF/LaF₃ eutectic crystal was estimated to be 17 ± 1 ns.     

The effect of lithium fluoride on the thermal stability and thermoluminescence properties of borosilicate glass and glass-ceramics

The oxyfluoride glass and glass-ceramics from the LiF-B₂O₃-SiO₂ system are developed. The stable glass can be produced in the range of 20–40 mol% LiF. The effect of LiF admixture on the thermal stability of the glass as well as the thermoluminescence (TL) properties such as glow curves shape is studied. The results show that the increase of lithium fluoride content in the borosilicate glass causes efficiency enhancement of the thermoluminescence signal. We have clearly stated that the process of controlled crystallization of the oxyfluoride glasses can lead again to increased intensity of the TL process. The glass-ceramics with 40 mol% LiF reveals similar level of TL signal to commercially used doped LiF material and can be considered as active material for alpha and beta radiation detectors.     

Low temperature sintering of barium titanate ceramics assisted by addition of lithium fluoride-containing sintering additives

By addition of LiF-containing sintering additives to commercial BaTiO₃ powder, more than 98% of the theoretical density was reached at a sintering temperature of 900 °C both on powder compacts and laminates. Dielectric measurements were performed on ceramic samples in the temperature and frequency ranges from −20 °C to 125 °C and from 10³ to 10⁶ Hz, respectively. High relative permittivity (_r  3160) and low dielectric loss (tan δ  0.014) were measured for tapes of the favoured material. The breakdown strength for tapes with a thickness of about 80 μm is 30 kV/mm. The microprobe analysis showed, that no interfacial reaction between the dielectric layer and the Ag-electrode had occurred.The newly developed barium titanate ceramics completely densifying at 900 °C turned out to be promising for integration of buried capacitors in LTCC multilayers.     

原位构建富氟SEI的凝胶电解质用于金属锂二次电池

以六氟磷酸锂（LiPF₆）为四氢呋喃的聚合引发剂制备凝胶电解质,同时作为氟源在金属锂负极表面原位构建富含LiF的固态电解质界面层（solid electrolyte interface,SEI）来抑制锂枝晶的生长以及金属锂/电解液之间的副反应。所制备的凝胶电解质具有较高的室温离子电导率（1.33 mS·cm^-1）和较宽的电化学稳定窗口（4.5 V）。原位聚合方式组装金属锂对称电池循环后,锂负极表面没有明显的锂枝晶和被损毁的形貌出现;XPS结果表明锂负极表面生成了富含LiF的SEI。组装的LiFePO₄全电池在1 C的电流密度下,稳定循环400周后仍保持118.7 mAh·g^-1的放电比容量。得益于四氢呋喃在开环聚合反应过程中,促进了LiPF₆分解反应平衡的正向移动,在锂负极表面形成稳定的富含LiF的SEI,能够抑制锂枝晶的生长并防止其被持续性的腐蚀破坏。     

LiF包覆对硼粉热氧化特性的影响

为考察LiF包覆对硼粉热氧化特性的影响,采用DSC-TG技术对LiF包覆硼(BLiF)进行热分析试验。制备了含BLiF的推进剂样品。采用氧弹量热计测试其爆热和热值。考察了BLiF对推进剂一次、二次燃烧过程中能量释放特性的影响。结果表明:与无定形硼相比,BLiF在599℃存在快速氧化反应,有39.9%(质量百分数)的B参与了B/O反应。含BLiF的推进剂使一次能量释放效率和二次能量释放效率明显提高,硼的燃烧效率从65.48%提高到81.57%。这是由高温下LiF通过吸热反应消耗硼粉表面B2O3氧化层,加速B/O反应所引起的。