舰船用防污涂料的研究进展

对近年来防污涂料的工业化进展进行了分析,介绍了从传统型的防污涂料到新型的无毒防污涂料的重要研究成果,探讨了新型的无毒防污涂料的发展趋势。     

白喉毒素无毒变异体CRM_(197)的表达及其载体作用

目的表达白喉毒素无毒变异体CRM197,并考察其载体作用。方法利用基因工程技术在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达CRM197,用金属镍离子亲和层析纯化;以重组CRM197为蛋白载体,在EDAC的作用下,与活化的A群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖(GAMP)结合,制备GAMP-rCRM197结合物,免疫BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA法测定血清中A群脑膜炎球菌多糖特异性IgG抗体,并分析其免疫原性。结果重组CRM197在大肠杆菌中主要以包涵体形式表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的25%左右;Western blot证明重组CRM197具有良好的反应原性;各针接种后,结合物诱生的多糖特异性IgG水平均显著高于GAMP组和GAMP+rCRM197混合物组,具有较强的免疫原性;多次接种产生了免疫增强效应,重组CRM197具有载体蛋白的作用。结论已在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达了重组CRM197,以纯化的重组CRM197作为载体制备的GAMP-rCRM197结合物具有良好的免疫原性,为以重组CRM197为蛋白载体制备其他结合疫苗奠定了实验基础。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel nontoxic BiFe1−xAlxO3/mica-titania pigments with high NIR reflectance

A series of novel nontoxic near-infrared (NIR) reflective pigments based on Al-doped BiFeO₃ coated mica-titania were synthesized by precipitation combined with sol-gel method. The pigments of the formula BiFe_1−xAl_xO₃/mica-titania (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TG-DTA, UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer and CIE L^* a^* b^* color scales. The results illustrate that the BiFeO₃ nanoparticles are coated on the surface of mica-titania uniformly, and the doped BiFe_1−xAl_xO₃/mica-titania is similar to BiFeO₃/mica-titania composite in morphology. Furthermore, the absorption edge of composite pigments shift to shorter wavelength (533–495 nm) can be attributed to O_2p-Fe_3d charge transfer transitions and change the color of the pigments from brown to orange. Additionally, the NIR solar reflectance of the powdered pigments and pigmented coatings were measured. The results reveal that with the increase of progressive doping of Al³⁺ for Fe³⁺, the NIR solar reflectance of the pigments increase gradually and exhibit higher NIR solar reflectance (R* ≥ 47.8%) than the conventional pigment of similar color. Moreover, we also evaluated the thermal and chemical stability of the pigments. In conclusion, the pigments have the potential to be applied as “cool pigments”.     

无毒提金计算机控制系统的研究与开发

根据无毒提金工艺的特点，研制出集TCS（柔性控制系统）思想及工业网络功能、辅助工控组态软件和多媒体功能的综合自动化系统。整个系统不但对工艺参数取得准确检测，而且对具有非线性、滞后特性的参数得到良好控制。有效保证了炼金新工艺及设备现代化的实现。     

Intelligent polymeric surfaces through molecular self-assembly

Recently, stimuli-responsive surfaces have gained considerable interest among coatings researchers in industry as well as in academe. To date, many switchable surfaces based on such external stimuli as temperature, electricity, pH, and many others have been designed and developed. Environmentally switchable surfaces have been among the most widely studied surfaces since they are known to exhibit smart behavior under external influence. In the present work, we report the synthesis of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic polyurethane coatings with tethered hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic moieties. These coatings have been characterized and tested for mechanical properties and surface characteristics using such advanced instruments as the scanning probe microscope (SPM), dynamic contact angle analyzer (DCA), adhesion tester, and nanoindenter. The surfaces with tethered hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties, when immersed in water, showed remarkable changes in the surface topography, hence, their dynamic surface characteristics. The amphiphilic surfaces, containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, showed intelligent behavior in response to the external environment. The ability to tailor surfaces with predictable behavior upon exposure to the external environment opens up enormous opportunities for their potential end-use applications. This paper was presented at the FSCT FutureCoat! 2007 Conference, Toronto, Canada, October 3–5, 2007, and was selected as the “best student paper” for the A.L. Hendry Award.     

无毒单元发动机催化燃烧过程可视化试验研究

无毒单元推进系统具有性能高,操作简单、爆炸风险低等特点,未来将全面替代肼类推进系统。深入研究无毒发动机催化燃烧过程,采用透明燃烧室对无毒单元发动机进行可视化研究,并与金属燃烧室试验结果进行比对,试验结果表明:在室压快速上升阶段,推进剂快速反应处于前床,发动机效率很低;在室压平稳上升阶段,发动机的催化燃烧部位逐渐从前床向后床扩展,推进剂催化燃烧主要在催化床核心部位进行;随着发动机连续工作时间增加,发动机燃烧强度增加和燃烧效率提高。     

Combined Production of Biodiesel and Nontoxic Cottonseed Meal Using Two‐Step Two‐Phase Solvent Extraction

The preparation of biodiesel and nontoxic cottonseed meal from cottonseed by two‐step two‐phase solvent extraction (TS‐TSE) combined with the transesterification reaction was investigated. The TS‐TSE process could significantly reduce the biodiesel production costs when compared with the two‐phase solvent extraction (TSE) process due to the reduction in methanol. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of some factors on the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield and free gossypol (FG) content. These conditions resulted in a maximum FAME yield and reduced the FG content in the cottonseed meal far below the Food and Drug Administration standard. The nontoxic cottonseed meal could be used as animal feed protein source.     

Evaluation of anti-corrosive pigments by pigment extract studies, atmospheric exposure and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The inhibition efficiencies of zinc chromate, barium metaborate, calcium silicate, amino carboxylate, calcium barium phosphosilicate, aluminum triphosphate and a modified zinc phosphate on the corrosion of steel and zinc were determined by polarization experiments on pigment extracts. Zinc phosphate and zinc chromate were the best and were studied further to determine the effect of pH and chloride concentration on their inhibition of steel. Zinc chromate is adversely affected by high concentration of chloride ions, which effect seems to be less pronounced on zinc. A low pH, although increasing the solubility of zinc phosphate, does not increase its efficiency. The pigments were also incorporated into an epoxy-poly(amide) binder, applied to cold-rolled steel and galvanized steel, exposed at a marine exposure station and the degradation monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. There was a general correlation between the results of pigment extract studies and atmospheric exposure except in the case of phosphate pigments on cold rolled steel.     

一种新型低成本防结垢复合盐高密度无固相压井液

高温高压油气藏所用的普通压井液包含的溴盐、锌盐、重钙等与地层水配伍性差、易污染地层、具有高腐蚀性,且甲酸盐高密度压井液成本高,针对这些难题采用高效阻垢技术并研制了一种新型加重剂,同时广泛选用廉价的无机盐用于配制基液,研发了一种新型低成本防结垢复合盐高密度无固相压井液体系。该体系不含固相成分,不含钙镁等易结垢的二价离子,全部为一价盐,密度最高可达1.70 g/cm3,且与同级别甲酸盐体系相比成本可降低50%以上,同时保留了甲酸盐体系的全部优点,满足国家新安全环保法低损害、低成本、高密度、无固相、无毒性的要求。该技术在大港油田先导性应用1口井,平均恢复期1 d,平均恢复率100%,油层保护效果显著。     

基于模糊神经网络的无毒提金控制系统研究

针对无毒提金工艺过程的特性,提出了基于遗传算法的模糊神经网络控制算法。采用了遗传算法离线全局优化和 BP算法在线局步调整相结合的方式优化模糊神经网络的参数,以及改进的Elman动态递归神经网络进行工艺系统辨识。仿真试验验证了该控制方案的优越性,对解决无毒提金工业过程中的控制问题具有重要意义。