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1.
Generalized difference control of parallel streams temperatures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A furnace with multiple parallel passes and multiple burners is commonly seen in petroleum refineries. In order to maintain the furnace running in a safe, stable, and high-efficiency state it is necessary to control the outlet temperatures of the multiple passes to be the same. Due to the fact that the process of the oil heating in such furnace is nonlinear, multivariable, time varying, has serious coupling among passes, has frequent dynamic changes and a large time delay, traditional control methods have trouble in controlling these temperatures, and some advanced control methods, including predictive control, adaptive control, and robust control, are usually too complex for convenient use. In this paper, a control technique, called differences control technique (DsCT), is proposed to distribute the stream flowrates such that the stream temperatures are as identical as possible. The principle of the proposed technique is explained and demonstrated, and the results of its application to a real-life petroleum refinery furnace are also reported. The DsCT technique has the following advantages: it does not need complicated design procedures, the controller structure is simple, it is easy to apply, and it can be canonically applied to furnaces with different number of passes. 相似文献
2.
连轧管“竹节”问题的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文就各工艺参数对“竹节”的影响进行了较系统的试验。在此基础上,对连轧管“竹节”问题进行了分析,得出了“竹节”形态的基本特征;后“竹节”与轧制压力的关系;影响后“竹节”的主要工艺因素等一系列有意义的结果。对前、后“竹节”形态明显不同的原因进行了初步探讨。提出了“竹节”在线控制模型的初步设想。 相似文献
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针对鞍钢2^#酸洗生产线上的开卷器卷筒的结构,分析了卷筒组合加工的特点、加工步骤、应采取的工艺措施以及应注意的问题。 相似文献
6.
筒形件强力旋压新技术--浮动芯模法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了一种新的旋压方法-浮动芯模法。该方法采用的芯模长度尺寸较小,两端不固定加工,制造和安装非常容易。由于该方法是采用旋轮不动,工件做轴向运动,故解决了正旋所带来的工件扭曲的问题。此法用于加工长管类件,更显示出它的优越性,对改善管类件的加工具有重要的意义。 相似文献
7.
Effects of Austempering after Hot Deformation on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Si-Mn TRIP Steel Sheets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIZhuang ZHANGPing-li WUDi 《材料热处理学报》2004,25(5):248-251
Excellent mechanical properties are obtained by austempering after hot deformation without subsequent heat treatment in the present Si-Mn TRIP steel sheets. Isothermal holding time after finishing rolling has affected the mechanical properties of this steel. The results show that the sample exhibits a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation when it is held at the bainite transformation temperature after hot deformation. The stability of retained austenite increases with an increase of isothermal holding time, and a further increase in the holding duration results in a decrease of it. The tensile strength, total elongation and strength ductility reach the maximum values (774MPa, 33% and 25542MPa% respectively) for this sort of hot rolled Si-Mn TRIP steel using the optimal technology. 相似文献
8.
Mingru Zhang Jianqing Qian Haicheng Gu 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2007,16(5):635-639
Metallographic structures of carbide-free bainite steel wheel rim are mainly composed of supersaturated lath ferrite and retained
austenite film among bainitic ferrite laths. It is suspected that supersaturated ferrite and retained austenite are likely
to decompose under the influence of temperature change and mechanical stress. Stability of wheel rim structure is studied
by means of x-ray diffraction, dye microscopy, and micro-hardness test. When the samples are tempered in the range of 150-350 °C,
the retained austenite films are at the state of relative stability. Fifty percent of retained austenite is decomposed when
the sample is tempered at 400 °C. Microhardness increases when the sample is tempered at 150 °C. The decrease in hardness
is mild when the samples are tempered from 200 to 500 °C. The mechanical stability of retained austenite film is studied with
tensile sample under the effect of tensile stress. The retained austenite appears to be stable in low and middle degree of
deformation, and decomposition occurs at great amount of deformation. Diffraction peak of carbide is not found in all above
experiments. The steel enriched silicon prevents the carbide precipitation during the transformation. It indicates the carbide-free
bainite wheel steels have an excellent thermal and mechanical stability. 相似文献
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10.
李洪洋 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2014,29(3):594-600
To investigate the transformation behavior of TRIP steel retained austenite under cyclic load, cyclic V-bending deformation of low carbon Si-Mn TRIP600 was studied by experiment and finite element in this paper. The results showed that, under cyclic V-bending deformation, retained austenite in TRIP steel transformed into martensite gradually with the increasing of bending times, and for the symmetrical characteristic, upper surface and lower surface presented the same transformation tendency. From the first to the fourth V-bending deformatiort, retained austenite volume fraction decreased nearly linearly and then attained saturation step by step. Compressive stress state was helpful for martensite transformation than tension stress state with V-bending deformation, and strain magnitude was the determining factor for retaining anstenite martensitic transformation. With the increasing of bending times effective stress increased and the relationship between maximum effective stress and bending times was nearly linear. Effective stress and effective strain distribution were non-uniform, the maximum effective stress and effective strain were present in the center of the samples. The relationships between retained austenite and V-bending times, and retained austenite with effective strain were set up as Eqs.(1)-(5). The relationship was typical quadric function, decreased linearly for the initial deformation and attained saturation finally. 相似文献