Income, Time Effects and Direct Preferences in a Multimodal Choice Context: Application of Mixed RP/SP Models with Non-Linear Utilities

Transport problems typically involve at least two types of constraints, on income and on time. Therefore, the indirect utility function depends either on the income available after having subtracted the cost of the discrete alternative and on the free time left after having worked and travelled by each competing option. In the typical linear-in-the-attributes and in-the-parameters specification, that represents the first grade approximation of the indirect utility function, the effect of income and time constraints cancel out and only the cost and time of the alternatives matter in the comparison between them. From a microeconomic point of view this is equivalent to assume that income and time effects could be disregarded; which is not always the case. To account for these effects the utility function should include second order attributes; however, in non-linear utility functions it may not be easy to distinguish among several effects that could be relevant: direct preferences for good and leisure, and simple interactions between attributes other than income and time effects. This paper analyses these effects from a theoretical point of view focusing on the possible confounding problem in detecting income and time effects. We use a dataset collected for a modal choice context and containing both revealed and stated preference data, and estimate several NL models examining the effect of the different second-order terms on detecting income and time effects. We compared specifications including square cost and time attributes, interactions between time and cost, cost divided by the income available to be spent on free time, and time multiplied by free time. Our results confirm the strong effect of direct preferences for goods and leisure time on choice, and the potential confounding effect between quadratic attributes and other non-linear omitted terms. Finally, we also found that care should be taken in highlighting income and time effects using mixed data sources, since confounding effects can occur when non-linearities are accounted for in both data sets.     

Rapid Prototyping and Tooling of Custom-Made Tracheobronchial Stents

Rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) techniques can be applied to the field of medicine primarily because of their ability to produce customised profiles and geometries in relatively short lead times. In this paper, the process by which these techniques can be applied for the production of customised tracheobronchial stents for the purpose of maintaining patency in an occluded respiratory tract is described. A comparison of RP systems was carried out to establish the preferred RP method to produce the master model. The vacuum casting RT process was then used to produce the stent.     

基于CAD/CAE/CAM/RP的复杂陶瓷产品快速制造技术

针对目前手工方式的卫生洁具等复杂陶瓷产品的研发过程,借鉴CAD/CAE/CAM/RP技术在其它制造行业中应用的成功经验,将这些先进制造技术应用于卫生洁具等复杂陶瓷产品的研发中;CAD用于设计产品和模具的模型,CAE用于模拟洁具冲水过程和分析冲水性能,RP用于制作洁具产品的原型,CAM用于加工试用石膏工作模具。就这些技术的应用提出了两种主要方案,并分析了各自的特点。经过实际应用表明:先进制造技术的应用能大大缩短产品研发周期、提高产品质量、降低开发成本。     

RP/RE技术与比例式设计

RP/RE制造技术与设计美学的有机结合,形成了具有竞争力和规模化的设计业,提高了企业创新设计和产品市场开发的能力.运用RP/RE技术得到实体模型,再以设计美学原则对其进行分析、数据处理、美化形态,促进产品开发、研制和销售.工业产品的形态比例关系,受诸多因素的制约.分析了传统的比例设计方法的缺陷与不足,介绍比例式设计的原理、方法及其具体应用.表明比例式设计具有数理性强,计算方便、简捷,容易掌握的特点.而且能根据功能要求、技术参数和使用对象等因素,迅速找出产品的最佳比例值,有效地解决功能和形式之间的协调关系.     

基于RP原型的电弧喷涂快速模具制造技术研究

基于RP原型的电弧喷涂快速模具制造工艺是一项模具制造新技术。本文介绍了这种工艺的原理和方法。并重点讨论了该制模技术的关键。     

基于焊接机器人的三维快速成形的方法研究

将RP技术与熔焊技术结合．依据焊接工艺的特点对切片和多径规划算法进行了研究，得出了根据不同类型零件使用不同路径规划算法的结论。据此。使用Visual C^ 基于UniGraphics二次开发的方式实现了切片、路径规划算法，完成了面向焊接机器人性速成形软件的编写，实现UG实体模型的切片、路径规划以及机器人数控代码的生成。利用MotoMan机器人远程控制接口软件包MotoCom32编写了用于机器人快速成形的远程成形控制软件。采用CO2气体保护焊成功实现了基于焊接机器人的典型零件的快速成形。     

PIM-SM注册报文发送的分布式实现

针对指定路由器向汇聚点路由器注册过程中,主控生成报文数量过多对路由器造成负担太大的问题,提出分布式注册报文发送的实现方案,其主要包括理论分析与仿真测试。结果证明该方法减轻了主控的处理负担,缩短了数据包在路由器里的平均处理时间,减少了主控与底层信息交互的次数。     

一种基于PIM-SM的扩展组播路由EPIM-SM的设计

提出了一种基于PIM-SM的新的扩展协议EPIM-SM(extend to PIM-SM).该协议采用了一种新的算法代替PIM-SM用于RP选举的哈希算法,新协议提供这样一种机制:根据网络拓扑结构及组播源和成员的变化情况,为每个候选RPi估算其组播树整体代价,定期选择一个代价值最小的RP,以使组播树的代价始终保持接近最低.     

基于快速成型技术的警用小型电子产品工业设计方法研究

本文介绍了一种基于快速成型技术的警用小型电子产品的工业设计方法。与传统设计方法相比较,该方法在创新设计理念、缩短产品研制周期、保证产品质量等方面都有了重大突破。同时,本文以电子护照读写机具设计为例,详细阐述了应用这种方法进行警用小型电子产品设计的方法和流程,并将该方法与传统设计方法进行了详细的分析和比较。     

杏酒中有机酸类化合物的RP—HPLC法测定

建立了反相高效液相色谱测定杏酒中有机酸类化合物的方法．以金太阳杏为原料,经液体发酵法精心酿制成的低度杏酒作为检测样品,测定了杏酒中9种有机酸类化合物．采用AgilentC18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm）分离,流动相2％的甲醇-0．01mol／L（NH4）2HPO4（pH2．8）洗脱,流速1mL／min,检测器波长为210nm,柱温30℃,采用色谱峰保留时间定性,面积外标法定量,并比较了不同杏发酵产品中有机酸的种类和含量,各成分的线性相关系数均大于0．99．方法的回收率大部分都在94％以上,RSD均在3％以下,说明该方法具有快速、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,可用于杏酒中有机酸类化合物的检测．