Periodic reverse current electrodeposited nickel pigmented anodised aluminium

Abstract

Aluminium anodically oxidised in sulphuric acid electrolyte was pigmented by an electrolytic colouring process with the use of alternating and periodic reverse current. The applied pigmentation electrolytes were based on nickel. The study reports on resistance against humidity of a selective Ni–Al₂O₃ layer. The samples before and after testing were analysed and compared. The quality of the coating, optical properties and influence of humidity on morphology and composition of the coatings were investigated. The influence of moisture on the quality of the selective Ni–Al₂O₃ layer is comparable to the commercial solar absorber type.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

MICROSTRUCTURAL STUDY OF Fe-Cr-Al/Al COMPOSITE COATINGS DURING OXIDATION AND SULFIDATION AT 900 ℃

The microstructure of a composite coating system, which was composed of an inner layer of Fe-Cr-Al and an outer layer of aluminum, was studied after it was respectively oxidized and sulfurdized at elevated temperatures. Apart from the Al2O3 scale formed on the surface, the microstructure of the composite coatings exposed at 900℃ in air for 4h was a three-layer structure. The first layer consisted of a solid solution of Cr and Fe in α aluminum and an intermetallic compound FeAl3, while the second layer was a single phase of the aluminide and the third layer still remained the same appearance as the original Fe-Cr-Al coating.The microstructural observation of the specimen tested at 850-900 ℃ at low oxygen pressure and high sulfur pressure for 576h revealed that the surface coatings of the specimen had transformed into a duplex structure containing an outer layer and a thicker aluminide layer beneath. X-ray diffraction results showed that the out layer was composed of Al2S3 and Al2O3 and that AlCrFe2 was the main phase composition of the aluminide layer, with a few of Al2S3 and Al2O3 accompanied.     

PLC在转炉风机煤气回收中的应用与研究

介绍转炉一次除尘风机及煤气回收系统中应用的可编程控制器(简称PLC)系统，对系统调试生产过程中遇到的几个问题进行分析与研究，并提出建议和改进方法。     

Finite element analysis of resistance spot welding in aluminium

Abstract

In the present work, an integrated simulation model has been developed for analysis of the resistance spot welding process in aluminium alloys via the finite element method. A coupled electrothermal analysis for an axisymmetric sheet-electrode geometry has been carried out that can predict the expected nugget diameter, penetration, and electrode face heating at any instant throughout the welding time. Several calculations have been carried out for different welding currents, welding times, and electrode forces and for different surface conditions of the aluminium sheets. Non-linear, temperature dependent, thermophysical material properties have been considered. An observation of interest is that in most instances the maximum nugget diameter is reached well within 0·02-0·04 s and further flow of welding current simply increases the electrode face heating. Also, the initial surface condition influences the growth of the fusion zone to a great extent. Various other conclusions have also been drawn.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STIRRED BIOREACTOR WITH PUNCHED IMPELLER

Instantaneous flow field and temperature field of the two-phase fluid are measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and steady state method during the state of onflow. A turbulent two-phase fluid model of stirred bioreactor with punched impeller is established by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using a rotating coordinate system and sliding mesh to describe the relative motion between impeller and baffles. The simulation and experiment results of flow and temperature field prove their warps are less than 10% and the mathematic model can well simulate the fields, which will also provide the study on optimized-design and scale-up of bioreactors with reference value.     

Educational features of robot contests: the RoboCup-98 survey

Typical features of entry-, junior- and advanced-level robot contests are presented. The RoboCup educational survey method is considered. Characteristic data on the team members, their activities and motivation to participate in the program, as indicated by the questionnaire results, are discussed. New initiatives directly related to education are derived.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HIGH-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL-PUMP CHAIN

The high-speed multi-cycle impact and speed, load fluctuant characteristics of a kind of narrow-width automotive engine oil-pump chain 06BN-1 are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests to satisfy the light-weight demand of engine. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine oil-pump chain is fatigue wear, and it's failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. Pin and bush both occurred cycle-soften phenomenon, and roller occurred cycle-harden. Fretting wear is one of the most important "fall to pieces" failure causes of automotive chain. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technology are the effective methods to increase its resistance to multi-cycle impact.     

COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERI- MENTAL STUDY ON TIP LEAKAGE VORTEX OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL SKEWED BLADES

In the steady operation condition,the experiments and the numerical simulations are used to investigate the tip leakage flow fields in three low pressure axial flow fans with three kinds of circumferential skewed rotors,including the radial rotor,the forward-skewed rotor and the back-ward-skewed rotor. The three-dimensional viscous flow fields of the fans are computed. In the ex-periments,the two-dimensional plane particle image velocimetry (PIV) system is used to measure the flow fields in the tip region of three different pitchwise positions of each fan. The results show that the computational results agree well with the experimental data in the flow field of the tip region of each fan. The tip leakage vortex core segments based on method of the eigenmode analysis can dis-play clearly some characteristics of the tip leakage vortex,such as the origination position of tip leak-age vortex,the development of vortex strength,and so on. Compared with the radial rotor,the other two skewed rotors can increase the stability of the tip leakage vortex and the increment in the for-ward-skewed rotor is more than that in the backward-skewed one. Among the tip leakage vortices of the three rotors,the velocity of the vortex in the forward-skewed rotor is the highest in the circumfer-ential direction and the lowest in the axial direction.