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排序方式: 共有6204条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We report a simple processing method to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). Poly(4-styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (PEDOT:PSS), widely used as hole transport layer (HTL) in OSCs, tends to accelerate the degradation of devices because of its hygroscopic and acidic properties. In this regard, we have modified PEDOT:PSS to reduce its hygroscopic and acidic properties through a condensation reaction between PEDOT:PSS and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) in order to improve the efficiency and stability of OSCs. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased by 21%, from 2.57% up to 3.11%. A better energy level alignment by the reduced work function of the modified PEDOT:PSS with a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is considered the origin of the improved the efficiency. The half-life of OSCs with PEDOT:PSS modified with PEGME buffer layer also increased up to 3.5 times compared to that of devices with pristine PEDOT:PSS buffer layer. 相似文献
2.
The paper considers the problem of stabilization of systems possessing a multiple zero eigenvalue at the origin. The controller that we propose, uses multiple delayed measurements instead of derivative terms. Doing so, we increase the performances of the closed loop in presence of system uncertainties and/or noisy measurements. The problem formulation and the analysis is presented through a classical engineering problem which is the stabilization of an inverted pendulum on a cart moving horizontally. On one hand, we perform a nonlinear analysis of the center dynamics described by a three dimensional system of ordinary differential equations with a codimension-three triple zero bifurcation. On the other hand, we present the complementary stability analysis of the corresponding linear time invariant system with two delays describing the behavior around the equilibrium. The aim of this analysis is to characterize the possible local bifurcations. Finally, the proposed control scheme is numerically illustrated and discussed. 相似文献
3.
Al-10Mg型固溶合金自然时效稳定性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
测定了ZL30 5合金自然时效 33年的力学性能变化 ,观察了晶界的析出相 ,研究了组织和性能的关系 ,从而确定了ZL30 5合金具有长期自然时效稳定性。 相似文献
4.
HNO3和有机介质中U(Ⅳ)的稳定性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了HNO_3和TBP-煤油介质中U(Ⅳ)的稳定性。测定了两种介质中U(Ⅳ)、HNO_3、TBP浓度和气相中氧浓度对U(Ⅳ)氧化速率的影响。U(Ⅳ)的氧化速率都随温度提高而明显增加.其表观活化能分别为91kJ/mol(HNO_3介质)和42kJ/mol(TBP-煤油介质)。对两种介质中U(Ⅳ)的氧化速率规律进行了比较。 相似文献
5.
本文基于矩阵方程解,提出了一种开环稳定系统反馈的设计方法,所设计的系统对任意传感器失效具有完整性。 相似文献
6.
Dong Zhang 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(5):1205-1207
Ceria-zirconia solid particles have been recognized as a key material of the automotive exhaust catalysts since they can release
and uptake oxygen owing to the rapid reversible oxidation states of cerium between Ce3+ and Ce4+. Several methods have recently been described to prepare the CeO2-ZrO2 solid particles used in the catalysts. In this paper, a new coprecipitation method is used to prepare the CeO2-ZrO2 solid particles. The Ce-Zr alcogel is dried and calcined in flowing N2 not in flowing air under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the ceria-zirconia sample calcined at 650 °C has high
surface area over 90 m2g−1, which drops to 40 m2g−1 following treatment at 900°C. 相似文献
7.
8.
Henrik Pettersson Tadeusz Gruszecki Lars-Henrik Johansson Per Johander 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2003,77(4):6595
A manufacturing technique for monolithic dye-sensitised solar cells is presented. Encapsulated modules designed for indoor low-power applications have been prepared using industrial methods and equipment. Under certain conditions (light intensity <5000 lx, temperature between –10°C and 50°C, and relative humidity of appr. 50%), the modules have performed well and shown excellent long-term stability. Moreover, modules withstand illumination in combination with storage at 100% relative humidity. However, a certain degradation of the module performance takes place at illuminations exceeding 5000 lx and temperatures exceeding 50°C. 相似文献
9.
Repetitive processes are a distinct class of 2D systems (i.e. information propagation in two independent directions) of both systems theoretic and applications interest. They cannot be controlled by direct extension of existing techniques from either standard (termed 1D here) or 2D systems theory. In this paper, we exploit their unique physical structure to show how two term, i.e. proportional plus integral (or PI) action, can be used to control these processes to produce desired behavior (as opposed to just stability). 相似文献
10.
Prediction of Undrained Sinkhole Collapse 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Charles E. Augarde Andrei V. Lyamin Scott W. Sloan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,129(3):197-205
Sinkholes are surface depressions or shafts resulting from the collapse of a submerged cavity in soil. The cavities that lead to sinkholes form as a result of underlying geology in limestone areas, or as a result of human activity such as mining or leakage from a sewer. The formation of sinkholes is often sudden and can lead to extensive damage and loss of life, especially in urban areas. Much of the literature on the subject of sinkhole formation is empirical in nature, often being associated with specific locations. This paper presents the results of a study, using numerical modeling, of the undrained stability of the submerged cavities that lead to sinkhole formation. Finite-element limit analysis techniques (using programs developed at the University of Newcastle) are used to obtain upper and lower bound values of a suitable load parameter, which bracket the exact solution. The results are compared to analytical solutions, both from literature and derived independently. 相似文献