Ennoblement of stainless steel in natural seawater – A new explanation

The ennoblement of corrosion potential (E_corr) of passive metal immersed in seawater was investigated with electrochemical technology and epifluorescence microscopy. The in situ observation showed that the bacteria number increased on the metal surface according to an exponential law which was in the same way with the ennoblement of E_corr. At the same time, the anodic polarization current of high‐Mo stainless steel decreased in the initial days. According to the mix‐potential theory and the characteristics of polarization curves of high‐Mo steel in natural seawater, the ennoblement of corrosion potential may be induced by the decrease of the passive current density.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF A WELDED DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Abstract— In response to the increasing structural applications in duplex steels for welded structures, fatigue behaviour of a SAF 2304 grade duplex stainless steel was investigated, considering both the base metal and GTAW welded joints. Fatigue curves and fatigue limits under rotary bending fatigue were obtained. The study focused attention on the microstructural features of fatigue crack propagation of the two series of experiments, thereby permitting an evaluation of the tortuous crack path of welded joints and the mechanisms related to threshold microstructural barriers.     

A simple SCC specimen incorporating heat transfer with a crevice or deposits

A simple stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) specimen, suitable for slow strain rate testing and incorporating heat transfer, with an artificial crevice or deposits has been designed and tested. It appears that when the solute level is above a certain value it can concentrate. The kinetics of solute accumulation and the concentration that can be induced in the specimen have been determined. Build up of solute from the ppm level in the bulk environment to the level required to cause cracking can take hours, not days or years. The limiting concentration reached is controlled by thermodynamics, specifically the available superheat. A brief review of relevant literature suggests that this experimental approach to predicting SCC has significant advantages over a modelling or measurement approach. The specimen also lends itself to a monitoring role--a modern version of the Schroeder embrittlement detector.     

Effects of the cryogenic cooling on the fatigue strength of the AISI 304 stainless steel ground components

For environmental considerations, the substitution of the conventionally used oil-based grinding fluids has nowadays become strongly recommended. Although several alternatives have been proposed, cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen is the non-polluting coolant that has been given relatively more attention because of its very low temperature. In this investigation, in order to contribute to developing this promising cooling mode, its beneficial effects on the ground surface integrity of the AISI 304 stainless steel and their consequences on the fatigue lifetime are explored. Results of this investigation show that grinding under cryogenic cooling mode generates surfaces with lower roughness, less defects, higher work hardening and less tensile residual stresses than those obtained on surfaces ground under oil-based grinding fluid. These surface enhancements result into substantial improvements in the fatigue behaviour of components ground under this cooling mode. An increasing rate of almost 15% of the endurance limit at 2 × 10⁶ cycles could be realized. SEM analyses of the fatigue fracture surfaces have shown that the fatigue cracks observed on the specimens ground under cryogenic cooling are shorter (i.e., 30-50 μm) than those generated under oil-based cooling mode (i.e., 150-200 μm). The realized improvements in the surface integrity and in the fatigue behaviour are thought to be related to the reduction of the grinding zone temperature observed under cryogenic cooling, as no significant differences between the grinding force components for both cooling modes have been observed.     

Streaming potential measurements on stainless steels surfaces: evidence of a gel-like layer at the steel/electrolyte interface

Electric charges at the surface of a passive stainless steel are generally considered as concentrated either in the passive film itself, or at the metal/passive film interface, or in the electrical double layer at the film solution interface. Rest potential time dependence after immersion of a passive surface in aqueous electrolytes suggests however that slow processes occur in the onset of the surface charge. Specific experiments, such as streaming potential measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a thin electrolyte cell, were carried out for understanding better this phenomenon. An AISI 304 type austenitic stainless steel with polished or bright annealed surface finishes was immersed in NaCl aqueous solutions with various pH and chloride concentrations. The streaming potential time evolution shows two steps: a first rapid one (∼2 min) is attributed to the onset of the surface charge. The second step is much slower (approximately several hours) and possibly due to an interphase layer between the passive film and the solution. Following this idea, the whole kinetics is controlled by cation migration across the interphase when the pH is larger than the isoelectric pH (pH_iep), while chloride ions are incorporated in the interphase when pH < pH_iep. Impedance measurements allow determining both the kinetics of charge transport and the thin cell conductivity. When glass is used as reference material for the cell walls instead of stainless steel, the Nyquist plots show a high-frequency response. For stainless steel cell walls, a low-frequency response is observed, attributed to a slow charge reorganisation inside the interphase layer. The charge distribution at metal/electrolyte interface is discussed in terms of a gel-like layer which possibly takes place at the passive film/electrolyte interface.     

X荧光光谱法测定不锈钢的研究

本文论述了Ｘ荧光光谱测定高铬钢和不锈钢的分析方法，用理论α系数校正基体效应和用谱线干扰系数Ｌ校正谱线重叠影响。方法准确度和精度令人满意，操作十分简便、快速。     

Investigation of the Microstructure of Rolled Semi—Solid Steel

In this paper,spring steel-60Si2Mn and stainless steel-1Cr18Ni9Ti were rolled one pass in semi-solid state.The microstructural evolution during rolling of the steels with different solid fraction was investigated.The experimental results showed that the manner of liquid and solid phases flowing and deforming was different.During rolling,most of solid phases remained in the center of the rolled specimens,while liquid phase flowed to the edge,which resulted in the macrosegregation of liquid and solid phases.Only the amount of solid fraction reached a certain value,were the solid phases deformed and flattened.     

透平空压机新型冷却器的使用简介

ＤＡ３５０－６１空压机原采用铝板式油冷却器。由于铝材易受腐蚀，寿命短，改用新型不锈钢式冷却器后效果良好，性能稳定，保证了空压机的安全运行。     

我国不锈钢管市场需求及国内外不锈钢管生产技术发展趋势

介绍了我国不锈钢管市场需求和预测分析,国外不锈钢管生产技术发展趋势。论述了我国不锈钢管生产存在的问题及与世界先进水平的差距。提出了我国不锈钢管技术改造的建议。     

热挤压钢管沿长度方向外径尺寸的稳定性及影响因素

总结了挤压钢管外径尺寸沿长度方向的变化规律，分析了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管外径尺寸波动的原因，提出了减少超差的改进措施。