Room temperature aging behavior of Ti-Nb-Mo-based superelastic alloys

The effect of room temperature (RT) aging on the superelasticity of Ti-Nb-Mo-based superelastic alloys is investigated. The results show that annealing at relatively low temperatures such as 973 K after severe cold rolling results in poor resistance to the effect of RT aging. The transformation stress increases considerably due to the formation of an isothermal ω phase at RT. Addition of Sn is partially effective in suppressing the RT aging effect in the specimens annealed at 973 K. The RT aging effect is suppressed by increasing the annealing temperature, due to the annihilation of lattice defects or non-equilibrium vacancies introduced during cold rolling, which are responsible for accelerating the diffusion process, however, superelasticity is reduced by annealing at higher temperatures, due to a decrease in the critical stress for slip deformation (σ_CSS). The specimen annealed at 1173 K followed by aging at 773 K exhibits stable superelasticity with a high resistance to the effect of RT aging. Annealing at 1173 K causes the annihilation of lattice defects or non-equilibrium vacancies, while aging at 773 K induces precipitation of the α phase, which in turn causes an increase in σ_CSS, and further enhances the resistance to the RT aging effect by enriching the matrix with β-stabilizing elements.     

Ti-Nb复合微合金化高强度钢强化机理研究

以国内某钢厂的热轧高强度钢为研究对象,进行拉伸试验,利用OM和TEM分析了钢显微组织、第二相析出粒子形貌和尺寸等.结果表明,实验钢的屈服强度657 MPa、抗拉强度744 MPa、伸长率18.7％.微合金元素的加入使钢材晶粒明显细化,屈服强度的细晶强化增量为321.5 MPa,为提高材料强度的主要强化机制;研究析出的第二相粒子可知,基体中纳米级析出的(Nb,Ti)(C,N)粒子阻碍位错运动,是提高材料强度的主要机制之一,起到析出强化作用,屈服强度的析出强化量为78.58 MPa.     

Effect of Solute Drag and Precipitate Pinning on Austenite Grain Growth in Ti-Nb Microalloyed Steels

A metallurgical model concerning the co-effect of the Nb solute drag and the complex carbonitride precipitates pinning is proposed to predict the recrystallization austenite grain growth of low carbon Nb-containing microalloyed steels.The analysis,both predicted and experimental,reveals the precipitate pinning plays a dominate role in suppressing the austenite grain growth with less Nb solute drag effect in high temperature region whereas the Nb solute drag predominates in relatively low temperature region.A factor p is suggested to assess the effectiveness of drag and pinning.The pinning and the drag are more effective in restraining grain growth as p>0 and p<0,respectively.A low carbon Nb microalloyed steel and a kind of Ti-modified low carbon Nb steel by Ti substituting for part of Nb are employed to validate the modeling results.The theoretical calculations show a good agreement with experimental results.     

Anelastic relaxation caused by interstitial atoms in β-type sintered Ti-Nb alloys

The internal friction behavior of Ti-Nb alloys is investigated using a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) Q800 from TA Instruments in single cantilever mode. Relaxational internal friction peaks are found on the internal friction temperature dependent curves in the sintered alloys. The peak does not appear in the sintered Ti-Nb alloys with low Nb content. The water-quenched Ti-35.4 (wt.%) Nb alloy has much higher the internal friction peak than the as-sintered alloy with identical compositions. Therefore, the peak height depends on heat treatment and Nb content. It is deduced that the peak is linked to the β phase of Ti-Nb alloys and that the peak height is determined by the stability and amount of the β phase. When the stability of the β phase is decreased, the peak height is increased. The increase in the amount of β phase results in the increase of the peak height. The β phase in the quenched Ti-35.4Nb specimen is metastable β phase (β_M), which can be transformed into the stable α and β_S by aging. The β phase in as-sintered specimen is the stable β phase (βS). The modifications in microstructures results in the difference between the two Ti-35.4Nb specimens with different states in their peak heights. The peak height presents a maximum in the vicinity of 35 wt.% Nb for the quenched alloys, resulting from the variation of the stability and amount of β_M with Nb content. In as-sintered alloys, the height of the peak increases monotonously with increasing Nb content due to the increase of the amount of β_S. It has been suggested that the internal friction peak is related to oxygen jumps in lattice and the interactions of oxygen-substitute atoms in β_M for the water-quenched alloys and in β_S phase for the as-sintered alloys.     

Ti-Nb微合金化对超纯30%Cr超级铁素体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等研究了Ti-Nb微合金化对超纯(C+N=29 ppm)30% Cr超级铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Ti-Nb微合金化可将该超纯材料基体中富Cr氧化物(尺寸约2~6 μm)转变为富Ti-O-N的复合包裹型脆性夹杂物(尺寸约1~4 μm);同时会在基体中形成纳米级(Ti, Nb)(C, N)析出相。铁素体晶粒长大倾向性较大是该超纯材料的组织演变特性,Ti-Nb微合金化可减弱晶界迁移速率,起到细化晶粒的作用;Ti-Nb微合金化提高了材料的室温强度和硬度,并导致材料室温延伸率对晶粒尺寸的敏感性有所增加。此外,Ti-Nb微合金化对该超纯材料的冲击韧性具有“双重”作用,一方面可通过细化晶粒改善材料韧性,另一方面会产生脆性夹杂物恶化材料韧性,尤其是低温韧性。     

固溶态Ti-41Nb合金的微观组织与力学行为研究

采用光学显微镜、力学性能测试和原位同步辐射高能X射线衍射等方法系统地研究了固溶态Ti-41Nb合金的微观组织与力学行为。结果表明,Ti-41Nb合金经800℃固溶淬火处理后,其等轴β基体上分布着微量的板条状α″马氏体,呈现典型的双相结构。在拉伸过程中,固溶态Ti-41Nb合金除发生弹性变形外,还发生了β→α″应力诱发马氏体相变。应力诱发马氏体相变在0.0%～3.3%应变范围内较剧烈,在3.3%～4.0%应变范围内相对轻微。在随后的卸载过程中,固溶态Ti-41Nb合金发生了弹性回复,同时伴随着α″→β逆马氏体相变。卸载后,固溶态Ti-41Nb合金中仍有大量的α″马氏体未转变为β母相,这导致合金仍有2.9%的残余应变。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of a Ti-35Nb alloy for medical prostheses

Since the 1980s, the titanium alloys show attractive properties for biomedical applications where the most important factors are, firstly, biocompatibility, corrosion and mechanical resistances, low modulus of elasticity, very good strength to weight ratio, reasonable formability and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different heat treatments; furnace cooling and water quenching, on the general electrochemical corrosion resistance of Ti-35 wt%Nb alloy samples immersed in a 0.9% NaCl (0.15 mol L⁻¹) solution at 25 °C and neutral pH range. The samples were obtained using a non-consumable tungsten electrode furnace with a water-cooled copper hearth under argon atmosphere. The microstructural pattern was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In order to evaluate the electrochemical corrosion behavior of such Ti-Nb alloy samples, corrosion tests were performed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Analyses of an equivalent circuit have also been used to provide quantitative support for the discussions and understanding of the corrosion behavior. It was found that water quenching provides a microstructural pattern consisting of an alpha-martensite acicular phase which decreases the material electrochemical performance due to the stress-induced martensitic transformation.     

非调质钢48MnV的研制

用100 t EAF-LF(VD)-300 mm×320 mm连铸-连轧工艺生产的48MnV钢(%:0.45～0.51 C、0.90～1.20Mn、0.05～0.10V)出现粗大晶粒,经13道次轧成的125 mm×125 mm方钢(0.030%～0.050%Ti)的晶粒度为3～4级,经9道次轧成的Φ141 mm圆钢(0.030%～0.053%Ti)的晶粒度为4～5级;但通过加0.018%～0.035%Ti和0.021%～0.029%Nb后,经9道次轧制的Φ141 mm圆钢的晶粒度达5.5～6.5级,显著提高钢的强韧性。     

Ti-Nb IF钢铁素体区的热加工性能

按照Gleeble 1500D机热模拟试验结果,通过回归分析得出Ti-Nb IF(无间隙原子)钢(%:0.005C、0.055Al、0.01Nb、0.08Ti)在铁素体温度区(840～780℃)流变应力峰值σ_p与Zener-Hollomon参数Z(T,ε)之间的解析表达式;利用铁素体区变形的功率耗散图和加工失稳图建立了该钢的热加工图,获得其加工安全区和失稳区。结果表明,变形温度800～825℃,应变速率0.02～0.002 s^-1区域为Ti-Nb IF钢铁素体区热加工安全区域。     

Ti-Nb微合金钢及焊接热影响区中的第二相粒子

利用萃取复型和焊接热模拟技术，对0．14C-1．34Mn-0．017Ti-0．023Nb微合金钢及模拟焊接粗晶热影响区中第二相粒子的形态、数量及物相进行了研究。结果表明，母材中第二相粒子形状不规则，Nb的相对含量(Nb／(Nb Ti))在25％～82％之间的粒子平均直径为14．2am，尺寸较大的粒子(～50nm)含Ti较高，呈方形，尺寸较小的粒子中Nb含量较高，呈球形。焊接热循环后，第二相粒子数量显著减小，平均尺寸增大，呈方形。800℃至500℃冷却时间t8/5从16s增加至60s时，粒子中Nb的相对含量为20％～50％，粒子平均尺寸由31．4nm增大至37．2nm，粒子数量由1．95/μm^2减少至1．20／μm^2。但t8/5从60s增至120s时，因冷速慢，析出温度低，粒子平均尺寸减小至26．3nm，粒子数量增加至3．56／μm^2，又重新出现一些含Nb量较高的球形粒子。