Positive/negative lossy/lossless grounded inductance simulators employing single VDCC and only two passive elements

Actively simulated grounded inductors have been used in several applications ranging from filter to oscillator design as well as cancellation of parasitic inductances. In this paper, new grounded inductance simulators employing only one voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) and two passive components are proposed. Two new topologies for realizing positive and negative lossless inductances and four different topologies for realizing lossy inductances are proposed. The aim of this paper is to present new inductance simulators using the minimum number of active and passive components. The proposed inductance simulators can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the VDCC. Moreover, the circuits do not require any conditions of component matching. Finally, using one of the proposed inductance simulators a third-order high-pass filter is constructed. The performance of the proposed filter is verified and simulated by using SPICE.     

山莨菪碱抑制成年大鼠离体心室肌细胞钙瞬变和收缩及其机制

目的: 观察山莨菪碱对大鼠离体心室肌细胞钙瞬变和收缩功能的影响并探讨其机制。方法: 采用单细胞动缘探测系统和双激发荧光光电倍增系统观察山莨菪碱对大鼠离体心室肌细胞钙瞬变和收缩功能的影响, 应用信号转导通路中相关受体的激动剂或拮抗剂探讨其作用机制。结果: 山莨菪碱1 ×10^-9 、1 ×10^-7 、1 ×10^-5 mol·L^-1可直接抑制心室肌细胞钙瞬变和收缩功能;卡巴胆碱可以消除山莨菪碱的作用, 而IP₃ 受体阻断剂肝素(1 ×10^-6 mol·L^-1) 和细胞膜电压依赖型钙离子通道阻滞剂维拉帕米(1 ×10^-6 mol·L^-1) 可以减弱山莨菪碱的作用。结论: 山莨菪碱抑制心室肌细胞钙瞬变和收缩功能可能与其阻断M 受体、抑制细胞内钙库钙离子释放和经过电压依赖型钙离子通道的钙离子内流有关。