如何通过管理实现HSF目标

在欧盟RoHS指令、WEEE指令、中国《电子信息产品污染控制管理办法》的实施逐渐进入实质性阶段时,如何持续地实现产品符合上述法规的要求是企业面临的核心问题,因此,探讨了通过管理实现产品无害化的思路和方法。     

非合作条件下基于责任延伸制的电子废弃物回收主体利益博弈研究

针对由两个制造商、两个回收商、当地政府和消费者构成的物流系统,研究了非合作条件下电子废弃物回收主体的利益博弈.在责任延伸制前提下,以回收商为斯坦伯格主导者,分别构建了非合作条件下的垄断回收模型和竞争回收模型,并采用逆推法求解了模型的纳什均衡条件.最后进行灵敏度分析,探讨了产品替代率和回收率对两种模式下产品销售价格和回收费用的影响.结果表明,对于回收商,垄断回收模式下的平均回收费用总比竞争回收模式高,且回收商需根据临界值选择回收模式;对于制造商,垄断回收模式下设定的价格总比竞争回收模式高,且制造商总是偏好竞争回收模式.研究结果可为决策者对回收模式的选择提供理论依据.     

欧盟RoHS指令在洗衣机产品中的实践

本文简要介绍了RoHS指令要求及在国内外的落实和进展情况,详述了该指令的实施步骤及过程,针对海尔洗衣机产品在落实RoHS指令中遇到的一些问题和难点进行了分析、讨论,文中给出了一部分零部件具体详实的测试数据,做必要的对比说明,并肯定了这一新技术要求在洗衣机产品中全面落实是可行的。     

The value of information systems for product recovery management

This article sheds light on the role of information systems in product recovery management. We first develop analytical models and then provide a numerical example to determine under what conditions investments in Information-intensive Product Recovery Systems (IPRS) are economically justifiable for manufacturers and when policy-makers need to consider facilitating their implementation. The results of the analytical models indicate that the recovery network (collection) structure and product characteristics determine if precision improvements or increased sorting speed associated with IS investments will lead to higher profit gains. Manufacturers should carefully assess conflicting impacts of current manufacturing and recycling technology trends on the value of IPRS. Implementing IPRS might end up reducing manufacturers' profits under a highly time efficient decentralised collection structure. We show that negotiations with competitors about IPRS implementation may lead to a win–win situation and allow consumers to enjoy the lowest product price if the binding force of the agreement is strong. Otherwise, some manufacturers follow free-rider strategies. This article has immediate application to manufacturers' IS strategy and to government policy-makers considering investing in and/or structuring product recovery closed-loop supply chain processes within their jurisdictions. It also opens a potential stream of research concerning the role of IPRS to automate, informate and transform closed-loop supply chains for eco-efficiency.     

Methodology for WEEE assessment in Algeria

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated in emerging countries is increasing. This study presents a methodology to improve assessment and monitoring WEEE in Algeria. The proposed methodology is a two-step approach. The first step is the collection and collation of existing data from different national and international sources. In the second step, different assessment and forecasting methods are applied. Forecasting methods were selected from those models which provided minimum error indices. The paper considers also the availability and reliability of data in order to provide a future reliable assessment of WEEE in Algeria. The study revealed that the forecasting methods do not have a big influence on the results contrary to the inputs of the model.     

电机电子拆解手法探讨

本文研究了由相关法规探讨,总论在实际电机电子产品拆解测试之经验.主要研究结果表明目前业界中常用的拆解手法若直接导入产品验证测试,将会产生以下不合理处:[1]混测无法澄清有害物质所存在发生源;[2]混测造成有害物质稀释的问题;[3]实际落实时之困难以及大幅提高生产成本.     

Impact strength elastomer composites based on polystyrene components separated from waste electrical and electronic equipment

The reuse of plastic components of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an important concern both for environmental issues and to preserve the material resources, with minimum energy consumption. Considering that polystyrene fraction was reported as approximate 80% of the total amount of WEEE plastic, this article aims to evaluate the recycling of this fraction, without separation by components, by melt compounding with styrene-butadiene block-copolymer (SBS) and hydrogenated and maleinized SBS, the blend of the two elastomers acting both as an impact modifier and compatibilizer. The composites are characterized by mechanical analysis, impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The recycling conditions of the polystyrene fraction as composites without eliminating the WEEE additives for improved UV and flame resistance, with physical mechanical properties comparable to those of high-impact polystyrene resulted from the study. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48329.     

"WEEE"和"RoHS"指令的对应策略

随着“WEEE”和“RoHS”指令实施的日益临近,国内许多企业苦于进展缓慢。本文提出了企业的对应策略。     

电子废弃物中贵金属回收技术进展

电子废弃物因其潜在的环境危害性以及富含有价金属而受到了广泛的关注,尤其是电子废弃物中的贵金属,更是其回收的主要经济驱动力。电子废弃物中贵金属回收要经过预处理和提取2个阶段,介绍了2个阶段中的技术进展,对其中的各种方法做出了总结和展望。