Effect of select parameters on the properties of edible film from water-soluble fish proteins in surimi wash-water

Edible film from water-soluble fish proteins were developed by casting film solution on leveled trays and effects of pH (9.5, 10.0 and 10.5), heating temperature (60, 70 and 80 °C), and heating time (10, 20 and 30 min) of the film solution on various film properties were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The impact of pH and heating temperature of film solution was more significant, overall, on the film's properties than heating time. Contour plots of tensile strength and elongation at break was highest at pH of 10.0 at 70 °C (2.75-3.02 MPa) but low in elongation at break (6.35-9.16%), while water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability were at their lowest (58.55-65.96 g mm/m² d kPa and 351.33-624.18 cm³ μm/m² d kPa). There was a direct correlation between the films’ and proteins’ solubility on one hand, and heating temperature of film solution on the other, which reversed with change in pH of film solution. Film color was darker and more yellowish with increase in the pH of film solution.     

水溶性防氧化剂在SMT用印制板上的应用

水溶性的防氧化剂是一种有机可焊性保护剂。其方法是在印制板完全阻焊、字符层的印刷，并经电检之后，通过表面浸渍在裸铜的贴片位或通孔内形成一种耐热性的有机可焊性膜层。这种有机、可焊、耐热的膜层，膜厚可达0.3-0.5mm，其分解的温度可达约300℃，传统的印制板的热风整平法亦无法满足QFP愈来愈密集的需求，同时也无法满足SMD表面平整度的要求，更无法适应PCB薄型化生产。烷基苯并咪唑的OSP法能弥补这项缺陷，因而在PCB业乃至SMT产业中得到了广泛的应用。     

Comparison between the binding of chlorpheniramine maleate to poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and the binding to other polyelectrolytes

The interactions of the antihistaminic drug chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) with the negatively charged polyelectrolytes poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are studied by the washing method of the diafiltration technique at conditions simulating those of the small intestine such as pH 7.5 and 0.13 M NaCl. The results are compared with those already reported involving other pharmacologically important polyelectrolytes such as alginic acid (ALG), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and κ- and ι-carrageenan (κ- and ι-CAR). As in the case of ALG, CMC, and CAR, interactions of CPM with PAA appear to be electrostatic and are cleaved in the presence of 0.13 M NaCl. On the contrary, apart from electrostatic interactions, additional interactions are found with PSS and residual interactions are kept in the presence of 0.13 M NaCl, a fact that may be attributed to π-π interactions and hydrophobic forces. The effect of the addition of 4 M urea, branched poly(ethyleneimine) (BPEI), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is also studied. The addition of urea 4 M or 0.001 M BPEI produces a decrease on the amounts of counterions bound to PSS at infinite elution, while the addition of PVP does not produce any change on the diafiltration profiles.     

Production and structural features of a water-soluble polysaccharide from a mutant strain of Agrobacterium sp.

We have developed a mutant strain derived from Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31750, which produces a water-soluble polysaccharide having potential utility to the food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A high concentration of product (15 g/L) is obtained by 48 h cultivation of the mutant strain under optimized fermentation conditions. The water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from cultures of the mutant strain beta82 has Glc:Man:Gal in approximate molar ratios of 5.8:6.7:1.0. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide was determined to be approximately 1000 kDa by HPSEC analysis. Linkage analysis contained 3-Glcp, 3-Manp, terminal Glcp and terminal Manp, as well as a small proportion of 3- and 3,4-Galp, and 4,6-Manp residues. Based on analyses using FT-IR and ¹³C NMR spectrometers, most glycosidic bonds joining these sugar residues are of the α-type, and acetyl groups are apparently attached to the polymer chain at random.     

川中地区上三叠统天然气地球化学特征及成藏过程探讨

川中地区上三叠统是一套自生自储的天然气成藏系统，天然气中甲烷含量为88%～96％，重烃（C2＋）含量一般在6％～9％之间，二氧化碳和硫化氢等非烃气体含量普遍较低；天然气干燥系数（C1／C2＋）为5～15，并且随深度增加而呈现升高的趋势；天然气和凝析油轻烃中的甲基环己烷、庚烷和异庚烷值变化表明天然气主要来源于腐殖型母质；天然气甲烷和乙烷碳同位素分别为-39．00‰～-41．00‰和-25．00‰～-27．00‰，具有典型煤成气特征。川中地区上三叠统烃源岩在燕山期持续沉降埋藏过程中，达到高成熟早期阶段；在喜山期，该地区大约2500m地层的剥蚀，使地层温度和压力大幅度降低，故储层中早期低成熟残余天然气的卸压膨胀作用和水溶气的脱溶作用为晚期天然气聚集成藏提供了重要的气源，同时也使气藏中甲烷碳同位素变轻。     

水溶性富勒烯衍生物的设计合成及在生物医药中的应用

介绍了水溶性富勒烯衍生物在抗艾滋病、DNA的裂解、消除自由基和抗菌等方面的应用,及一些水溶性富勒烯衍生物的设计合成。     

辽宁省水稻生产中硅肥施用技术的研究Ⅱ水溶性硅肥偏硅酸钠的施用技术

田间试验结果表明,施用硅肥可明显提高水稻植株体内SiO2含量;除水浸态硅含量高于85mgkg-1的沈阳市苏家屯区的水稻土外,施用硅肥显著能够提高水稻的产量;根据硅肥用量和水稻产量的关系方程,结合施硅各处理水稻植株体内SiO2的含量,供试地区比较合理的硅肥施用量为200kghm-2;施用硅肥能够在一定程度上提高水稻籽粒中粗蛋白的含量。     

Improving the functional properties of fish gelatin by conjugation with the water-soluble fraction of bitter almond gum

Food Science and Biotechnology - Maillard-based conjugation may be a useful way of improving the functional properties of food biopolymers. In this study, covalent attachment of fish gelatin (FG)...     

Maximizing the Retention of Ganoderic Acids and Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Content of Ganoderma lucidum Using Two-Stage Dehydration Method

Ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum and are heat sensitive. Hence, it is crucial to apply a suitable drying method for the drying of G. lucidum to minimize the loss of these bioactive ingredients. In this study, a two-stage drying method was applied to enhance the drying kinetics, as well as the retention of both ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides in dried G. lucidum fruiting bodies and slices compared to other single-stage-dried products. The results showed that two-stage drying enhanced the overall drying rate, which consequently shortened the total drying time up to 61 and 330% for fruiting bodies and slices, respectively, compared to single-stage drying methods. Furthermore, two-stage drying of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, which involves 18-h vacuum drying followed by 5-h heat pump drying, maximized the retention of ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides, with the retention of 97.90% of water-soluble polysaccharides and 4.2% more ganoderic acids than freeze-dried products. On the other hand, drying of Ganoderma slices within the shortest total drying time, which is 10-min heat pump drying followed by 50-min oven drying, also retained most of the ganoderic acids and water-soluble polysaccharides in the dried products; that is, about 80% of water-soluble polysaccharides and 11% more ganoderic acids than freeze-dried slices.     

水溶性维纶无捻纱线的生产

探讨水溶性维纶无捻纱线的生产工艺、质量控制措施及产品研发方向。根据水溶性维纶无捻纱线的性能、用途和维纶纤维的特点,在各工序采取一系列工艺技术措施,并在细纱工序运用正交试验对关键工艺配置进行了优化,生产出质量满足要求的无捻纱,并针对目前国内水溶性维纶无捻纱线生产存在的问题提出了今后产品研发方向的相关建议。认为,应尽快批准并实施水溶性维纶无捻纱线的质量标准,合理配置纱号和维纶含量实现产品升级换代,采用低温溶解维纶,节能降耗,进一步改进水溶性维纶可纺性,以促进产业的健康发展。