超高摩尔质量聚乙烯内衬复合管应用前景展望

通过对超高摩尔质量聚乙烯内衬复合管的技术特点及国内外现场试验效果的阐述；证明了超高摩尔质量聚乙烯内衬复合管自身的各种物理特性。对延长旧管使用寿命,减少杆管偏磨,延长油井清蜡周期具有良好的效果。     

A new method for the determination of wax precipitation from non-diluted crude oils by fractional precipitation

Wax precipitation is one of the most important flow assurance problems. Unfortunately, experimental data are very scarce to confirm existing models for prediction of such precipitation problem. This work reports a new experimental method. Multistage fractional wax precipitation was carried out by decreasing the temperature of crude oil. No solvent dilution was used, so the effect of solvent on temperature wax precipitation was avoided. The reproducibility of the method was tested with comparable results. The precipitation curve and the wax appearance temperature were obtained for two crude oils with different chemical nature using the reported method.     

Determination of the content of wax esters in some sea foods and their molecular composition. A comparison with ω-3 enriched wax esters

Wax esters enriched in ω-3 fatty acids have been recently shown to be readily absorbed by rats after dietary supplementation. Wax esters are less prone to oxidation and can be better formulated than liquid ω-3 derivatives. All these characteristics suggest a possible use of wax esters enriched in ω-3 as food supplements. However, some naturally occurring wax esters are defined as scarcely digestible (jojoba oil, spermaceti). On the other hand, wax esters have been found in several sources of marine origin, which can enter normal foodstuff. In order to better understand the digestibility of wax esters, we have analysed some foods from marine sources. The content of triglycerides and wax esters of the foods has been determined. Moreover, wax esters have been analysed for their composition in alcohols and fatty acids. Wax esters have been shown to be a part of the neutral lipid extract of the foods analysed. Their content, if compared with the content in triglycerides, shows striking differences. In the case of two botargo preparations, it has been shown that wax esters are more than 90% of the total neutral lipid extract. The content of fatty acids and alcohols found in the foods analysed is consistent with published data.     

Wax Diffusivity: Is It a Physical Property or a Pivotable Parameter?

In order to predict wax deposition problems the key parameter is the wax diffusion coefficient. While it is quite easy to find measured diffusivity values for well-defined compounds at quite low concentrations, very few experimental data are available for wax diffusivity in oil. Most of the literature data are estimated by interpolating experimental data obtained by loop tests and then they are affected by a noticeable uncertainty. In fact this parameter collects the whole uncertainty of the test and the paradoxical situation is that the key parameter ends to be the most error-affected or to be used as a pivotable parameter in “predictive” models. This article describes an experimental procedure to determine the overall diffusivity coefficient of waxes into the oil; the main advantage of this technique is that it allows the direct measure of diffusivity on the oil. Besides it is a very simple and straightforward technique. Results obtained were used to gain insight into the deposition process; the conclusion was that, due to the counter-intuitive diffusivity dependence on temperature, it is likely that noncompositional models available at present are structurally incorrect.     

我国精铸业近十多年来的技术进步

经过十多年的快速发展，中国精铸业已初具规模，年产量已达60万t，年产值达108亿元人民币。在工艺技术上也有了不少的进展，精铸生产开始向节能、低耗、环保方向发展。介绍精铸企业在计算机技术应用、设备改进、新工艺和新材料的推广等方面的最新进展。     

乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对蜡的作用机理

利用偏光显微镜和微电泳仪研究了乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)对蜡晶的形态和电性质的影响。结果表明:EMA加入原油后,使原油中的蜡晶形成小的晶体,改善了原油的流变性性能;降凝剂EMA的加入可使蜡晶表面带电,电性排斥使蜡晶高度分散而稳定存在;当EMA用量较低时,蜡晶表面ζ电位随降凝剂用量增加而增加,当EMA用量较高时,蜡品表面与电位随降凝剂用量的增加趋势变缓;EMA的用量达到一定值时,蜡晶表面ζ电位不随降凝剂含量的增加而变化。     

茂金属聚乙烯蜡对PE共混体系流变行为的影响

用毛细管流变仪研究了茂金属聚乙烯蜡改性聚乙烯共混体系的流变行为，探讨了茂金属聚乙烯蜡用量对共混体系熔体流变行为、熔体黏度、非牛顿指数和流动活化能的影响。结果表明：茂金属聚乙烯蜡对LLDPE／LDPE流动黏度降低明显，增加用量可使黏度逐渐降低；而对MPE／LLDPE／LDPE共混体系流动行为的影响比较复杂，在低剪切应力下黏度随茂金属聚乙烯蜡用量增加而逐渐降低，而在高剪切应力下黏度先增后减；茂金属聚乙烯蜡与MPE／LLDPE／LPDPE的相容性好于LLDPE／LDPE共混体系。     

精密铸造4种制壳工艺特点分析及改进方向探讨

对目前国内精铸行业中广泛应用的4种制壳工艺的特点进行了分析对比。从精铸件质量比较，水玻璃型壳较差，复合型壳、硅溶胶-低温蜡型壳次之，硅溶胶-中温蜡型壳最好。而从制壳成本比较，水玻璃型壳最低，硅溶胶-中温蜡型壳最高。对这4种制壳工艺分别提出了改进措施。     

The Fifth WS/DGAT Enzyme of the Bacterium Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8

Wax esters (WE) belong to the class of neutral lipids. They are formed by an esterification of a fatty alcohol and an activated fatty acid. Dependent on the chain length and desaturation degree of the fatty acid and the fatty alcohol moiety, WE can have diverse physicochemical properties. WE derived from monounsaturated long-chain acyl moieties are of industrial interest due to their very good lubrication properties. Whereas WE were obtained in the past from spermaceti organs of the sperm whale, industrial WE are nowadays mostly produced chemically from fossil fuels. In order to produce WE more sustainably, attempts to produce industrial WE in transgenic plants are steadily increasing. To achieve this, different combinations of WE producing enzymes are expressed in developing Arabidopsis thaliana or Camelina sativa seeds. Here we report the identification and characterization of a fifth wax synthase from the organism Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8, MaWSD5. It belongs to the class of bifunctional wax synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases (WSD). The protein was purified to homogeneity. In vivo and in vitro substrate analyses revealed that MaWSD5 is able to synthesize WE but no triacylglycerols. The protein produces WE from saturated and monounsaturated mid- and long-chain substrates. Arabidopsis thaliana seeds expressing a fatty acid reductase from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 and MaWSD5 produce WE. Main WE synthesized are 20:1/18:1 and 20:1/20:1. This makes MaWSD5 a suitable candidate for industrial WE production in planta.     

蜡油催化裂解工艺研究

以抚顺蜡油为原料,在FS-J1固定床反应器上利用自制的FL-J型蜡油催化裂解催化剂进行中试实验。在温度为340～380℃,空速为1～4h-1的不同工艺条件下,考察了催化剂的使用性能,以及产品分布和产品质量的影响。结果表明,此反应有较好的产品分布,产品性质理想。反应温度及空速对汽、柴油收率有显著影响。催化剂因积炭失活后,可通过器内烧焦再生使催化剂活性得到恢复,降低了生产成本。此工艺作为增产汽、柴油的手段有广阔的应用前景。