爆破工程安全评价初探

开展爆破工程安全评价可有效地减少各种危险和有害因素 ,减少爆破事故的发生 ,大型或特殊爆破工程均应进行安全评价。本文提出了对爆破工程开展安全评价的设想 ,并对爆破工程安全评价的内容和方法进行了探讨。文中指出 :根据爆破工程的特点 ,可采用事故树分析和预先危险性分析等方法进行爆破工程的安全评价     

Profiling drunk driving recidivists in Denmark

Drunk drivers are a menace to themselves and to other road users, as drunk driving significantly increases the risk of involvement in road accidents and the probability of severe or fatal injuries. Although injuries and fatalities related to road accidents have decreased in recent decades, the prevalence of drunk driving among drivers killed in road accidents has remained stable, at around 25% or more during the past 10 years. Understanding drunk driving, and in particular, recidivism, is essential for designing effective countermeasures, and accordingly, the present study aims at identifying the differences between non-drunk drivers, drunk driving non-recidivists and drunk driving recidivists with respect to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, road accident involvement and other traffic and non-traffic-related law violations. This study is based on register-data from Statistics Denmark and includes information from 2008 to 2012 for the entire population, aged 18 or older, of Denmark. The results from univariate and multivariate statistical analyses reveal a five year prevalence of 17% for drunk driving recidivism, and a significant relation between recidivism and the drunk drivers’ gender, age, income, education, receipt of an early retirement pension, household type, and residential area. Moreover, recidivists are found to have a higher involvement in alcohol-related road accidents, as well as other traffic and, in particular, non-traffic-related offences. These findings indicate that drunk driving recidivism is more likely to occur among persons who are in situations of socio-economic disadvantage and marginalisation. Thus, to increase their effectiveness, preventive measures aiming to reduce drunk driving should also address issues related to the general life situations of the drunk driving recidivists that contribute to an increased risk of drunk driving recidivism.     

DG130/3.82-4型自然循环锅炉水冷壁管爆管技术分析

对水冷壁管同一根、同一区域发生的两起爆管事故进行失效分析 ,研究爆管机理 ,找出了爆管原因 ,提出了预防措施     

The wheel–rail interface—some recent accidents

The importance of the wheel–rail interface to the safe operation of railways is discussed. Some aspects of the history of rails and wheels are introduced. Several recent accidents involving the wheel–rail interface are described. The great importance of operating both vehicles and track as a system is emphasized, together with the necessity of maintaining both in good condition.     

加油站油品常见质量事故分析

分析了中油站产生一些油品质量事故的情况和成因。指出加油站油品的质量事故主要是管理不善，要杜绝加油站油品质量事故，必须坚持执行《中国石油化工集团销售企业油品质管理办法》。     

论港口危险货物运输装卸作业安全问题

危险货物作业安全越来越受到人们的关注，从危险货物的分类谈起，分析了危险货物港口运输装卸作业中易引发事故的诸因素和安全作业中应特别注意的几个问题，强调从业单位、从业人员的资质、法律意识和业务素质，制定危险货物事故应急预案等。提出了加强港口危险货物安全管理的有关建议：开展危险源与事故隐患的多层次监控；推进港航危险货物企业建立安全质量标准化体系；创建“抓小放大”的安全管理机制。     

受天气与交通事故影响的安全路线选择模型

为完善安全为第一因素的路线规划导航系统,突出“以人为本”的理念,基于OD（Origin-Destination）的路段选择,综合考虑贵阳市交通事故数据和天气数据两大影响线路风险系数的因素。建立泊松分布模型和马尔可夫模型,分析区域内交通事故易发点在晴天、阴天、雨天发生交通事故点概率和路线概率,构建风险系数指标。针对模型求得的路线安全系数采用最大决策法选出最优安全路线。结果表明,贵阳市不同天气下发生的交通事故频率有差异,检验每个地点发生交通事故数服从泊松分布;现有导航软件推荐的第一路线并不是最优路线,第二条路线才是安全系数最大的路线。基于泊松分布模型和马尔可夫模型计算交通事故发生概率,为现有导航软件中增添了安全系数为第一参考值的人性化设置,有较好的社会价值和推广性。     

基于Word2Vec词嵌入和聚类模型的安全生产事故文本案例分类

安全生产事故的分析对应急管理能力提升具有重要意义.通过对安全生产案例的语义分析,利用Word2Vec词嵌入技术和聚类模型,选用CBOW+负采样技术实现词向量,并结合安全生产事故案例分类的数据特点,通过基于半监督学习的聚类模型算法,根据事故性质的认定特点,提出了一种优化初始聚类中心的算法,并利用K-means聚类算法实现安全事故文本案例的分类.实验表明该方法较好实现安全生产的事故案例分类,并对安全生产事故的多个维度分析具有很好借鉴意义.     

长江感潮河段溢油风险评价体系构建及应用

长江感潮河段水动力条件复杂,对该水域溢油事故缺少相应的风险评价指标体系。为科学评价长江感潮河段溢油风险,从溢油事故对上游水体、敏感点、敏感区影响 3 个要素出发,构建风险评价指标体系,包括危害区特征、危害期特征共 23 个指标。应用该指标体系,基于 EFDC 二维水动力-油粒子模型,以长江南京段水域某码头溢油事故为研究对象,开展溢油风险评价,模拟计算涨急、落急、涨憩、落憩 4 种典型事故发生工况下的风险评价指标值。结果表明;事故发生在落急或涨憩时刻时不会对上游水域产生影响,发生在落憩时刻时对事故点上游水域影响距离最远,发生在落急时刻时将最快影响到下游的敏感点和敏感区,持续时间与水动力特性密切相关。建立的评价指标体系可以较为全面地刻画溢油风险影响特征,为长江感潮河段溢油风险评价提供量化指标和评价工具。     

分析高速走丝线切割在加工中常见问题及应对措施

该文就高速走丝线切割加工中诱发断丝故障发生、影响加工质量的各种非加工参数和不稳定加工状态进行了详细地分析和论述.提出了合理调配皂化液比例、做好加工工艺准备、正确运用操作技巧和科学选取加工材料等有效措施,对降低断丝几率、完善加工方法具有显著效果.